Psychosexual Development : Theolectual Development

The Psychoanalytic theory is about personality development and emotional problems. Psychoanalytic theories look at development in terms of internal drives that are unconscious, or hidden from our awareness. There are three basic drives: sexual, survival, and destructiveness. Freud outlined development in phases of “psychosexual stages” (Gordon and Browne, 2016, p.94) with a body part representing each stage. Oral (birth -2) Mouth source of pleasure: eating, teething. Anal (2-3) Bowel movement source of pleasure: toilet learning. Phallic (3-6) Genital source of pleasure: sex role identification and conscience develops. Latency (6-12) sexual forces dormant: energy put into school work and sports.

The third stage in development is the preschool stage, which takes place between 3 and 5 years of age. This is where children

1-3 years: The Anal stage. â€oeWhere gratification is derived from gaining control over withholding or eliminating faeces― Dryden's Handbook of Individual Therapy pg 32 This stage is concerned with child's need to do things on their own terms, the conflict arises for them where they have a need to assert their own will but also crave parental approval, this time can produce a battle of wills between parent and child. Age 3-6 years: The phallic stage.

The psychosexual development theory is proposed by a 1900s Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. He was famous for various psychological theories, including the theory of personality development, dreams and psychosexual development. The psychosexual development theory discussed about four stages of life that contribute to the development of personality. There are oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital phase. Sometimes people can surpass these stages and grown to a fully mature adult, however, many people often retain some obsessions from specific stage and contribute to certain aspect of personality, such as Oedipus complex and difficulties in identify sexual identity. These stages will be further discussed in this paper, and its relation

“Freud defined sexuality as any expressed bodily stimulation that is perceived to be pleasurable.” (Gormly et al, 1989). The oral stage occurs during the first year of life. The infant focuses on his or her mouth and the need to suck. “In the first stage of personality development the libido is centered in a baby's mouth. It gets much satisfaction from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy the libido, and thus its id demands. Which at this stage in life are oral, or mouth orientated, such as sucking, biting, and breastfeeding.” (McLeod, S. (1970, January 01). The second stage is the anal stage. This happens during the toddler age. In this stage the child learns how to control his or her bowels. If the parents are negative about this stage the child will be less likely to master this stage in a timely fashion. Phallic, during preschool age. The child is usually self centered, and his or her main concern is themselves. Masturbation of some kind happens at this stage. The child also starts to identify with the opposite sex and the superego develops. “Sensitivity now becomes

The second stage Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt includes the ages of 18 months to 3 years old. During this stage children are moving more and trying to become a little more independent. This is

According to the Oral stage, (from birth to one year), a child’s primary source of pleasure is through the mouth by sucking, tasting, and eating. Erickson says that it is a period (Trust vs. Mistrust) when children try to learn to trust and mistrust their caregivers. In the Anal stage (1 to 3 years), a child gains a sense of mastery by controlling bowel and bladder movements. However, Erikson says it is a period (Autonomy vs. Doubt) when children develop self-sufficiency by controlling activities such as eating, toilet training, and talking.

The third stage occurs from three to five years old and examines initiative versus guilt. During this period children desires to copy adults and take initiative, creating make believe play situations. Berk (2013) says Initiative and ambition develop when the parent supports

This stage normally lasts until the end of a child’s second year. Six sub-stages make up the sensorimotor period which overall involve the development of reflexes, coordination and symbolic representation.

Freud’s psychosexual theory and Erikson’s psychosocial theory are two important psychoanalytic theories on human development. Erikson’s theory was followed on Freud’s theory and it was based on many of Freud’s ideas. As a result of this the two theories have similarities. Both the theories recognize the importance of development. They also separates development into stages and contain similar age division for their developmental stages.

Sigmund Freud’s research of childhood development is composed of five stages, (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital), if one of these issues is not resolved then fixation can occur where the child will stay in the stage throughout adulthood. For instance, if a child becomes fixated on the oral stage then they will be dependent on external things such as smoking, and drinking. Another Psychologist to consider is Erik Erickson whose developmental theory is eight stages, (Trust Vs. Mistrust, Autonomy Vs. Shame, Initiative Vs. Guilt, Industry Vs. Inferiority, Identity Vs. Confusion, Intimacy Vs. Isolation, Generativity Vs. Stagnation, and Integrity Vs. Despair). Erikson stated that everyone will develop either/or as they pass each stage. There are some similarities and some differences between the three different theories. There is a parallel between the psychosexual stages of Freud, and the Psychosocial stages of Erikson such as the similarity of anal stage to the autonomy vs. guilt stage where a sense on independence is learned as a child learns to keep things tidy and maintained. Even though the three Psychologist reach similar conclusions, Harlow’s methods of research is very different from Erikson and Freud. Harry Harlow’s attachment theory centers on the relationship between people such as a parent-child bond, in particular the effect of love. In early concepts to understand love the idea that the link between a mother and a child is a

The process of development is an inevitable part of life as humans consistently experience changes throughout in different areas including sexual, physical, social, and emotional. In looking at sexual development, several theorists have developed explanations governing sexuality and sexual behaviors. In my Critical Annotation of the book “Sex & Gender: An Introduction (6th ed.)” I reviewed stances from several theorists on sexual/gender development. According to Freud, gender development occurs as a “response to early interactions with caretakers” (Lips, 2008, p. 60) and is impacted by the body and sexuality. One’s personality development occurs simultaneously with gender development. Consequently, Freud purported the psychosexual stages of oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital to explain the underlying process of gender and personality development. Freud reasoned that boys and girls diverge in their development during the phallic stage where pleasure for the former is derived from the penis and the latter from the clitoris. Both genders during this period are afforded the opportunity to develop and identify masculine and feminine characteristics upon overcoming resolution of the Oedipus and Electra complex respectively. During this phase as well, girls are believed to experience penis envy whilst boys undergo castration anxiety.

Sigmund Freuds (1856-1936) theory of psychosexual development describes how a personals personality develops of the course of their childhood. This is a well-known theory in psychology however it has always been quite controversial during both Freud’s time and in modern psychology. There are 5 stages of Freud’s psychosexual theory which are the oral stage this is the

Freud’s psychosexual theory of development suggests that children develop through a series of stages related to erogenous zones. Psychosexual development is based on the idea that parents play a crucial role in managing their children’s sexual and aggressive drives during the first few years of life to foster their proper development. Another major claim, would include that personality consists of an id, ego, and superego and that much of our behavior is caused by unconscious motivations. There are five stages of Freud’s psychosexual theory of development. It includes the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. According to his theory, each stage of psychosexual development must be met

Freud's theory of psychosexual development is one of the wonderful theories and it is the first theory found about human being. . Freud believed that personality develops like a series and it starts from childhood. Early experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behavior later in life. Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development are same like other stage theories and completed in a result either healthy or unhealthy personality. Freud argued that the human personality can be divided into three different