Accounting for public heritage facilities – assets or liabilities of the government? The Authors Allan D. Barton, Department of Commerce, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank three anonymous referees for their constructive comments on earlier drafts of the paper. Abstract Public heritage facilities – national parks, art galleries, museums and so on – are now required by professional accounting standards in Australia to be valued and included in government general purpose financial statements as assets. This study challenges the appropriateness of such an accounting treatment in relation to the SAC4 definition of assets and the …show more content…
The nature and functions of public heritage facilities as part of Australia’s National Estate are first explained. Next, because of their nature and functions, it is shown why public heritage facilities are public goods. The economic theory of public goods is used to justify why some goods should be provided by governments and funded from taxation and others on a commercial basis by business firms. The theory is based on the existence of certain types of externalities in markets. Whether public heritage facilities are assets or liabilities and a part of the government’s financial position is assessed against the SAC4 (1992) concepts of assets and liabilities. It is shown that they do not satisfy the concepts because of their public goods nature. The proposal is then advanced that public heritage facilities should be regarded as assets of the nation which are managed by government as a trustee for the benefit of society; and that, as trust assets, they should be accounted for separately from administrative assets of government. Finally, the types of information required for their good management is explained and it is shown that full accrual accounting information designed for commercial firms is not appropriate for the management of public heritage facilities. II. Nature of public
The 1970 election then lead to an increase in size and number of national parks, the establishment of an environmental protection agency, and from then on the future of Victoria’s public lands was to be decided rationally, scientifically and critically on the basis of scientific research and public opinion. (Clode 2006) and this is evidence that Australian cultural assumptions and attitudes have
“How does the case of the National Trust for Historic Preservation reflect the concept of resource dependence discussed in this chapter? How does it reflect the interaction between sources of revenue and priorities?”
Although a cultural center for entertainment and education, a museum is, at its core, a business. Being such, it must operate as such. Obtaining and maintaining valuable artifacts is expensive; procurement, transportation, upkeep, and security are some of the many costs involved. The revenue generated by the museum has to be sufficient enough to cover these large expenses. For that reason, the cost-effectiveness of a piece must be considered. A famous piece, such as the Mona Lisa, will
THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS ECON1202/2291 QUANTITATIVE MEHODS A FINAL EXAMINATION SESSION 2 2008
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The next category that the financial mission statement tries to fill is priorities. Maintaining current exhibitions and collections is the main priority because they are what make money. The main collection critical to the infrastructure of a museum and are what keep the public coming back. Special exhibitions are important and should be funded because they bring in the most press and public excitement, but they often lose money because of indirect costs that come with them (Anderson 5-6). Making branding a priority is a smart move because it broadens the museums reach, and creates a new form of revenue with the selling of museum specific
In the first passage the federal agents and authorities had many challenges because they didn’t piece together all the clues that were given to them by the public. A reporter had given the FBI clues/tips to help them find the one who had stolen the picture. The reporter had found the painting in a warehouse in Brooklyn. He also said that the seller was there. when he told the police/FBI they didn’t believe him. I feel that during these 18 years of research and clues that were given to them they could have solved this case but instead they call people crazy so they don’t accept the clues.
summer. From Yellowstone to Ellis Island, the 412 places that NPS protects tell America’s story” (Bilmes, Loomis 2016). One of the issues with America’s national parks is they don’t appear on any national balance sheet. This is mostly because it’s hard to put a value on them. “Past attempts to answer” the question of value “have typically been focused on how much money visitors spend in or around the parks” (Bilmes, Loomis 2016). In a study Linda Bilmes and John Loomis conducted of the National Park Service, they sought to “develop the firstever comprehensive assessment of what the parks are worth to the public” (Bilmes, Loomis 2016). Over 700 households were questioned and analized on “how much they would pay in increased taxes to preserve those areas for themselves and their grandchildren” (Bilmes, Loomis 2016). “They calculated Americans put a total value of US$92 billion per year on our national parks, monuments, seashores, and recreation areas. However, what they also concluded is that America is not funding the park system at a level that reflects its value” (Bilmes, Loomis 2016).
The budget for the National Park Service should be expanded because national parks have been shown to provide extensive economic value to nearby towns. These towns benefit from national parks because they provide a source of jobs and can play an important role in local economies. In 2011, the National Park Service “received 278.9 million recreation visits” (Cui, Yue, Mahoney, E. & Herbowicz). If they were tourists they needed a place to stay for the night. If these people needed clothing they could buy it from a nearby store in the town. Any purchase in nearby towns that these people made as a result of their visit to a national park provided some form of economic value to the town. When conducting a trip to a national park, there are purchases made in nearby towns that provide economic value.
Historical parks are not as simple as they may seem, they have many integrated pieces that have to work together perfectly to maintain a proper stability. Laws are a large influence on how National Park Services are preserved, one of the main legislative action was congress creating the National Park Services . In doing so this guarantees the protection of parks by the federal government. A different aspect of importance is the educational aspect of Historical Parks, it must be able to have academic information available to the public, being a location of historical significance. Interpretations are similar to museum mission statements; it describes what the main goal of the museum is. Which is why they are crucial to establish, so visitors
For an event, especially a lecture, beginning at 5 o’clock, I typically expect people to show up around 4:30-4:45. I succumbed to the Washington heat a little earlier than that and stumbled into the lobby of the Heritage Foundation at 4:22. While I fully understand that many arrive late, I assumed a few early birds would be showing up around 4:30. This however, was not the case; and as I listened to two organisers of the event discuss the lecture, I realised that the primary crowd were insiders and officials of the Heritage Foundation itself. As I was allowed up into the Allison Auditorium, the set-up was interesting; there were two large roped off sections on either side as well as reserved name cards on the first two row. This left roughly only three center rows for “outsiders,” which ended up including military officers not in the roped off areas. There were two TV screens on either side of the stage, both showing the same slide and reading “21st Century Security: NATO and Our Alliances – Admiral Jim Stavridis.”
In Crown Insurance Services Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (Crown), the issues raised are pertinent to the residence and source of the company under s6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. As cases are determined on the basis of all relevant facts and circumstances of each case, this analysis will focus on how the court’s decision process determined whether Crown had carried on business in the years 2004-2007 inclusive and the existence of central management and control (CM&C) in Australia. The purpose of this is to assess the valuation of Crown’s taxable income, which ultimately resulted in the objective decision to be set aside in favour of the applicant. Evaluation will be made in regards
Similarly, we could use the same standard to measure the other part in Mt Wellington. The rest area that no one has way to claim could not be addressed as asset. The reason is there is no entity to manage that area. According to the Australian Accounting Standard Board AASB138, it falsifies one of the essential characteristic of being asset, ‘asset must be control by the entity’. Hence, this area could not be accounted as asset. When we make an intensive study of this unowned area, it should be put into a category of ‘natural resource’ since it is out of management. According to Comstock (2016), ‘a natural resource is something that is not made by humans but is necessary or useful in their lives’. To some extent, the landscape, water resource and wild forest in this area have enriched the biodiversity and are helpful to the local environment construction. As local communities said, “any activity within Wellington Park has the potential to have an impact upon natural and cultural values, and the Council’s assets, within the reserve”. In fact, no one has the right to possess himself/herself of the unclaimed area.