have mentioned, inhaled nitric oxide, epoprostenol, iloprost, and sildenafil are the common treatment for pulmonary hypertension that I would encounter in the hospital where I am currently employed. Nitric oxide and iloprost are administered through inhalation, epoprostenol by continuous intravenous infusion, and sildenafil is taken orally. The main advantage of inhaled route for the treatment of PH is the direct delivery of drug to the target organ thus, reducing the systemic side effects (Hill, Preston
Abstract Pulmonary hypertension is a disease that without treatment becomes progressively worse until a patient dies. It is characteristically a disease of young adults, but may occur all across the lifespan making this disease even more devastating.1 Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by elevated intrapulmonary pressures which cause dynamic changes to the cardiovascular system of the affected individual. The adequate functioning of the cardiovascular system is vital to the survival of the
Pulmonary hypertension or (PH) is a rare disease that causes high arterial blood pressure in the lungs due to the blockage, narrowing, or destruction of arteries. High blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries can strain the right ventricle, causing it to overwork, and can eventually lead to right heart failure and even death. There are two types of pulmonary hypertension, primary and secondary. Primary pulmonary hypertension is known as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension or (IPAH). IPAH currently
definite haemodynamic diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) requires right heart catheterisation and direct measurements of right ventricular, pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures and cardiac output. As this is an invasive test with risk and cost implications diagnostic algorithms have been devised that combines clinical assessment, non-imaging cardio-respiratory assessment and non-invasive imaging in patients suspected of having pulmonary hypertension. The initial aim is to establish
The pulmonary vasculature contains arteries and arterioles, which branch in the lungs to create a dense capillary bed to provide blood flow. The pulmonary capillary bed is a high-volume, low-pressure, low-resistance system that delivers blood to and from the lungs via the arterial and venous circulation systems. The right ventricle of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the pulmonary artery and to the lungs so it can be oxygenated while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the tissues
grooves indicate these divisions: the atria are separated from the ventricles by the coronary sulcus (the atrioventricular groove) with a hiatus anteriorly at the root of the pulmonary artery (PA). The atria are separated posteriorly by the inter-atrial groove though this is scarcely marked, and anteriorly this is hidden by the pulmonary artery and aorta. The ventricles are separated posteriorly by the posterior longitudinal sulcus on the diaphragmatic surface and anteriorly by the anterior longitudinal
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease characterized by progressive pulmonary vascular functional and structural changes associated with an array of pathologies that eventually results in increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right heart failure, and death (Vorhies & Ivy, 2014; Wardle & Tulloh, 2013). Currently there is no cure for pulmonary hypertension, and the treatment options vary from conventional oral, inhaled, intravenous and subcutaneous medical options with the possible need for heart
COPD Case Study Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an interchangeable phrase used to describe respiratory diseases characterized by airway obstruction. COPD is now a well-known and serious chronic disease, killing many and affecting a mass number of people per year. COPD is a result in restricted (obstructed) airflow in the lungs. Obstructive diseases include bronchitis, in which inflammation causes chronic bronchial secretions and narrowing of the bronchi and emphysema a permanent
Introduction: High blood pressure, also called hypertension, the blood pressure in the arteries is raised. Hypertension of two main factors, which may be present individually or together: The heart pumps blood with excessive force. Smallest blood vessels of the body (arterioles) narrow, so that blood flow exerts more pressure against the walls of vessels. (Simon.H, 2006) Definition of hypertension: Rise of blood pressure is common in long-term strength of the blood on the walls
With regards to elevation, high altitude is defined as an elevation of 1,500-3,500 meters (4,900-11,500 ft.) but can differ by a 1,000 ft., depending on the defining source. The definition of elevation continues with very high altitude, which is 3,500-5,500 meters (11,500-18,000 ft.) then continues to extreme altitude of which is above 5,500 meters (18,000 ft.). Within healthy individuals, substantial clinical changes are difficult to exhibit at elevations lower than 1,500 meters. But once the human