Quality Of Service Essay

gateway. When the data packets reach their destination, they fit back together to for the

AODV are utilized, instead of broadcasting data packets, S start off a route discovery protocol that requires broadcasting smaller Route Request

In this section, important functions used to send and get requests to and from the traffic

Monitored the network congestion in order to achieve the optimal performance out of a network infrastructure.

In this example, here node A wants to send data packets to node D and starts to find the shortest path for its destination, so if node D is a malicious node then it will show that it has active route to the specified destination. It will then send the response In the example, data packets transfer in a hierarchic data center network. The link capacity is 1000 kb/s. The number on each is the traffic load. The distribution of traffic is based on equal cost multi-path (ECMP). In figure 8, we can see that the 3). Congestions

Being proactive, AODV doesn’t need all its nodes in a network to maintain the routes to destinations rather request a route only when needed i.e., only the nodes which are communicating would require to maintain the route. Also AODV uses sequence numbers to avoid routing loops like in DSDV. Whenever a node needs to communicate with another node, a route has to be found and for that purpose Route Request (RREQ) message is broadcasted to all its neighbors till it reaches the destination node or route to destination. A temporary route table entry in initiated by the RREQ messages throughout the network. Once the destination or a route is found, Route Reply (RREP) message is sent back to source by unicasting along the temporary reverse path of the received RREQ message. RREP message initiates in creating a routing table entries for the destination in intermediate nodes on its way back to source. After certain amount of time these routing table entries expire. Neighbors are detected by periodic HELLO messages (a special RREP message). If a node A does not receive HELLO messages from a neighbor B through which it sends traffic, it assumes that a link is broken and the failure indication is forwarded to its active neighbors. When this message reaches the sources, then either they request a new route by sending new RREQ messages or stop sending data. HELLO messages and the

4. When CDP is enabled on an interface, a router (or switch) sends CDP advertisements on a regular

Stream identifiers identify what stream a packet belongs to; class identifier identifies a transmitter and the information and packet classes. The timestamp fields are used to precisely specify the reference point of time for the transmission of the first packet [14]. The trailer is an optional part of the structure that can be used to enable other processes, as well as indicate states and events [14]. For the project these optional fields are disregarded.

For my service improvement project I thought that it would be a good idea to produce a leaflet for patients containing information about the nursing team the leaflet would be freely available to patients being located on the wall of the waiting room along with other information leaflets. It would also be a good idea if the leaflets were made available in reception, as this is the patients first point of call, it may be possible to place the leaflets on the reception service area or in a close proximity. In addition, the leaflets could also be located in the GP rooms for issue to patients and they could also be given out by the nursing team , at the end of appointments, for future reference . The NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement (now

Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams may arrive in a seemingly random order of chunks that the receiving IP entity must continuously collect until it can reconstruct the original datagram. Consider that the receiving IP entity possesses a buffer for assembling the original datagram's data field. The buffer will comprise of chunks of data and "holes" between them corresponding to data not yet received.

The TCP/IP protocols are the heart and soul of the Internet, and they describe the fundamental rules that govern all communications in the network. The original address system of the Internet is Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed IPv6 to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. However, IPv6 is not foreseen to supplant IPv4 instantaneously.

As this demand for dynamic and unpredictable data grows, more and more devices have to be added to existing networks and configured accordingly. The need of the hour is to regulate networks centrally and as a whole rather than configure individual network devices and gain more control to achieve flexibility in existing networks.

The ability to send and receive data efficiently is the most important objective of networking computers.

The red curve represents Traffic received, green represents Traffic sent and blue represents Delay. From the graph, it is clear that the delay is almost negligible when it is compared with the traffic sent and traffic received.

Enhancement: In order to fulfil the users’ satisfaction requirement, network must ensure the QoS requirement of the users. For enhancing QoS and service experience, users’ throughput demand should be met, which can be