Quantum Dots Lab Report

Identify oxides of non-metals that act as acids and describe the conditions under which they act as

The purpose of this lab was to make a substitutional alloy coating the penny in a gold color. The color of the penny depends on the Zinc and Sodium Hydroxide solution, and if heat was added or not. We took a copper penny and boiled it in a Zinc and Sodium Hydroxide solution. Then we took the penny out, rinsed it in water, and dried it off. Now the penny was silver. We then took the penny and waved it across a flame causing it to turn gold. Some errors that happened were getting Zinc in our water and over cooking the penny. These could be fixed by rinsing the Zinc off the penny in its solution before taking it out and not heating the penny for as long. A suggestion for improvement would be getting the flame at the lowest temperature possible.

The purpose of this lab was to carry out a systematic series of experiments to determine which chemicals and at what ratio produce chemiluminescence, and then to manipulate reaction conditions to extend glow time or brightness.   The variables for day one were chemicals used, amount of chemical, order of addition, and stirring the substance or not. The main variables in day two were heating or cooling chemicals, order of addition, and stirring. The best trial for day 1 was trial 13, which was 2 drops of H2O2, 2 drops DMSO, 2 drops HCl, 2 drops NaOH, and 2 drops Bleach, in that order, added to 10 drops luminol, and then stirred.

This science fair project will test which antacids are most potent in neutralizing lemon juice. When an acid and a base combine the base will neutralizing the acid in a chemical reaction; this is how antacids work as well. Antacids are substances that will neutralize stomach acidity which in return relieves heartburn, indigestion, or stomach pain.

In this experiment, luminol, a compound that produces chemiluminescence when oxidized in the presence of a base by an oxidizing agent like hydrogen peroxide, was synthesized, and its presence was confirmed by observing chemiluminescence. Cheminluminescence is the process by which a photon is released when a reaction occurs, producing light. A similar process, bioluminescence is observed in nature when fireflies and jellyfish produce light. Chemiluminescence is identical to bioluminescence, except for the fact that bioluminescence involves an enzyme, whereas chemiluminescence uses a chemical catalyst.

The lab of one dimensional motion is a series of experiments that deal with different types of motion in a single direction. In the first experiment, one dimensional motion of a small cart on an air track is measured in a one photogate system. The acceleration was calculated by the infrared light emitting electrode of the photogate sensing the slacks on the picket fence. The calculation for gravity yielded 9.63 m/s^2, which is consistent

Table 4 shows the UV vis information of the starting material cobalt(ll) chloride hydride. Both the wave length and the absorbance values are different from the data in table 5( the UV vis of the final product). This indicates that a chemical change has occurred between the starting materials and the final product. This aligns with starting salt colbalt(ll) chloride hydride being a red color while the final product was dark green.

As part of the Professional Discovery course I got the opportunity to be matched and placed in Dr. Salems lab to do research. The main objective and initial step of the project is to determine the optimal particle size that can cause higher levels of cancer cell death through a combination of ultrasound application and doxorubicin liberation. The beginning of the project consisted of a training process in which I got the opportunity to practice and reinforced my lab techniques such as proper pipetting, weighting, as well practiced some math dilution calculations. Afterwards, as part of the team I was able to learn how to prepare nanoparticles and how to qualitatively determine if the particles that were treated with the ultrasound waves actually ruptured into smaller fragments, as this will be indicative that the actual drug is then being liberated from the particles.

The purpose of this study is to compare the attenuating properties of an electron beam when using Play-Doh, wet gauze, Superflab versus the use of plastic water. There is no documentation for using these bolus materials, although therapists use them for electron beams. Researchers used electron beams electron beams ranging from 5 MeV to 12 MeV. Researchers measured the thickness of each bolus material to equal the Dmax for each energy. They used a 15 cm x 15 cm field as well as 100 cm SSD. Results show that Superflab had very similar attenuation properties compared to the plastic water. As for Play-Doh, it had attenuated the beam more than plastic water when used at lower energies, a difference as high as 24.7%. The wet gauze had less attenuation

The zinc powder was black in colour while copper (II) sulphate solution was blue in colour because of the presence of copper (II) ions. When the zinc powder was added to the copper (II) sulphate solution and stirred, it was hard to observe the pattern of the colour change because the polystyrene cup as covered with a lid.

The percentage error was calculated to be 2.53%, which indicated that the calculated experimental value of the wavelength of the laser was very similar to the theoretical value.

Nanotherapy is a novel therapy that depends on nanotechnology, nanomaterial and nanoparticles to improve certain drug properties (e.g. solubility, stability, half-lives, transportation, etc.) used to treat diseases (Harris et al. 2006). Moreover, the size of submicron sized molecular devices and nanoparticles are limited from 5-500nm in at least one dimension. The size of the drug is between 10-100nm in diameter, however, 20 fold in co-delivery over free CDDP drug indicated that the

Vanadium, being a transition metal, exhibits variable oxidation states. In this experiment two different reducing agents, Sulfur dioxide and amalgamated zinc, reacted with the vanadate ion VO43- and the results were used to establish which oxidation states were being produced and which was a stronger reducing agent. Vanadium was discovered by Andrés Manuel del Río, a Spanish-Mexican mineralogist, in 1801[1]. He chose to name his element erythronium which means red. However his findings were challenged which led to him backing down from his claims of discovery.

Small molecules are the low molecular weight organic compounds having capacity to inhibit the growth of bacteria or their virulence potential. Previously, antibiotics were used for these purposes but today we need to be curious before using antibiotics due to the developing resistance. If antibiotics develop resistance, they are no longer effective for prevention, treatment or control of diseases caused by infectious microorganisms. Researchers are now exploring the new strategies and new compounds that can take the advantageous place in front of antibiotics. Use of probiotics, vaccine, herbal extracts are some of the new strategies. On the way of discovery and research, scientists are now

Environmental pollutants are becoming increasingly present throughout the world as industrial progress has expanded in countries like China. Among these environmental pollutants, Cadmium has been characterized as the most dangerous heavy metal ion because of its resiliency and numerous negative health effects (Kermani et. Al., 2010). Growing dependence on chemical fertilizer, wastewater irrigation, and uncontrolled discharge of industrial waste from activities, such as mining and smelting, has led to large amounts of Cadmium in soil (Nazar et. Al., 2012).