Race Self-Selection Process Summary

Traditionally history of the Americas and American population has been taught in a direction heading west from Europe to the California frontier. In Recovering History, Constructing Race, Martha Mencahca locates the origins of the history of the Americas in a floral pattern where migration from Asia, Europe, and Africa both voluntary and forced converge magnetically in Mexico then spreads out again to the north and northeast. By creating this patters she complicates the idea of race, history, and nationality. The term Mexican, which today refers to a specific nationality

In the article, “‘Race’ as an Interaction Order Phenomenon: W.E.B. Du Bois's ‘Double Consciousness’ Thesis Revisited”, Anne Rawls announces the idea of double consciousness as an internalization of negative connotations about the self present of a race in a society. The identities of an individual originates from two cultural identities, in this case one black and the other white. Rawls mentions, “Du Bois argues: first, that African American self-consciousness is incomplete because of its “doubleness”; second, that there are two distinct communities with different values and goals, on either side of what he refers to as the “veil”; and third, that selves on the Black side of the veil owe a duty to their community that White selves do not” (243-244).

In the first chapter of “Race Matter”, by Cornel West, talks about the “Nihilism in Black American.” West explains that the predicament of African American is that they are divided up into to two camps—one being the “liberal structuralists” and the other being the conservative behaviorists. Liberal structuralists are responsible for “employment, health, education, and childcare programs, and broad affirmative actions practices”, where as conservative behaviorists “promotes self-help programs, black business expansion, and non-preferential job practices” (West, p.18). West argues that both of these camps do not understand the real problem African Americans

For over two hundred years, white males have been the most powerful group in the United States. Through economic exclusions, enforced by laws and reinforced by deep cultural attitudes, there has existed, in effect, a preferential hiring program for white males. In light of that historical reality and the dynamics that remain in our culture, evaluate the contemporary strategy of affirmative action for minorities to bring about more fairness in hiring and promotion practices. Draw heavily from the assigned readings and then explain and defend your arguments concerning affirmative action and "reverse discrimination."

They considered other factors that may lie in those numbers. In this case, where crime is prominent they account that people try to seek protection of themselves and their possessions. Likewise, those who are disadvantaged, lead to more frequently to commit property and other crimes to satisfy wants and desires (Crutchfield 27). From this, one can simply conclude that people living in such conditions are trying to survive. With this in mind, residential segregation is more focused on African Americans. This is in part because of a history of unequal opportunities in the job market, education, and housing for disadvantaged African Americans. It is especially true when more prosperous African Americans manage to leave ghettos, the disadvantaged African Americans are in a more concentrated poverty (Crutchfield 26). Furthermore, Crutchfield adds in his article a study conducted in Mercer Sullivan's Getting Paid that job opportunities are influenced by neighborhood characteristics: work prospects in the area, available networks, and the linkage between the employment of adults and where they worked (30). In addition to that, in 2003, Devah Pager looked into how incarceration can affect employment to understand how class is linked to race. She concludes that African American men without a criminal record were less successful in landing an interview than whites with a record,

According to Grutter, the phrase narrowly tailored refers to the act of good faith when deciding an applicant’s admission status, as it requires the board of admissions to look at all race-neutral methods that will aid in diversity among the student body. By using a narrowly tailored scope, it ensures that racial prejudice cannot occur, and this is important when discussing the strict scrutiny as it is meant to eradicate any illegitimate uses of race while furthering government interests (Grutter, 10). Prior to the implementation of the admissions program used race as a factor in their decisions process. However, the school phased out that method, and instead, began to use a more race-neutral method in which it does not admit applicants based

This paper examines the new Welfare Regime under 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PWA) and new requirements on job search as one of the contributing factors to the inequality that women of color experience within the job market, in a relationship with transportation programs such as the Welfare-to-Work Transportation Plan (WTP). In this paper, I show how changes in the Welfare system such as the job seeking prerequisite help to reproduce inequality for women of color on the assumption of private car ownership or access to reliable public transit. I argue that the Welfare’s new regime under the (PWA), restrains women of color from utilizing welfare services and even when transportation issues are

According to the United States Department of Labor(2016), the unemployment rates among black americans was a staggering 8.6, compared to 4.1 with white americans as of October of 2016. This gap, although much smaller compared to thirty five years ago, shows no trend of changing. Unemployment rates among the minority citizens of america has been consistently about double that of white america for an extremely long amount of time, six decades to be exact, according to Pew Research Center (2013). This is not only an issue in the United States, in the UK nearly half of young black males looking for a job are unemployed. This shows that discrimination is not just a factor in today’s labor force in the United States, but throughout the world as

A way to achieve fair employment for all people happened in 1961 when President John Kennedy, used the phrase “Affirmative Action” in the United States in which it attributed to Executive Order 10925”. (Sterba, 2009, p.15) The reality was that businesses needed a way to hold accountability for employee’s applicants to be treated fairly in promotional decisions and the hiring process. Employment discrimination and segregation was legal in the United States before 1964. White workers and black workers during that time almost never worked together in the same jobs. Minorities were grouped in lower paying and less status jobs. During that era, white males

A way to achieve fair employment for all people happened when in 1961 then President John Kennedy, used the phrase “affirmative action” in the United States in which it attributed to Executive Oder 10925”. (Sterba, 2009, p.15) The reality was that businesses needed a way to hold accountability for employee’s r applicants to be treated fairly in promotion decisions and the hiring process. Employment discrimination and segregation was legal in the United States before 1964. White workers and black workers during that time almost never worked together in the same jobs, minorities were grouped in lower paying and less status jobs. During that era, white males held the professional jobs, managerial positions, and the highly

In the book, The Birth of Tragedy, by Nietzsche, the late 19th century philosopher uses the terms Dionysian and Apollinian to use them as the two central principles in Greek culture. Apollinian was a term derived from the God Apollo, which related to the sun, light, and clarity, whereas Dionysian derived from the God Dionysius, which would often be thought of as the wine-God that represented drunkenness and ecstasy. Nietzsche uses Apollinian as the basis of all analytical distinctions. For this aspect, all elements that belong to the individuality of man are Apollinian in nature. Furthermore, all types of structure or form fall under this category because form serves to individualize or define that which is formed.

“Some employers used tests for hiring or promotion that screened out African American at a higher rate than white applicants, making it nearly impossible for them to be hired in any substantial numbers” (Vertreace, 2010). In many cases white supervisors or managers would make sure they interview just enough minorities so they want to appear not to be bias toward other races. They even pretend to follow company’s rules, but instead they make their own rules and dare someone to cross them. Nevertheless, there are not enough opportunities for black people to advance. If the only available jobs are low-income jobs, then the chance of living in poverty will continue for minorities.

Minorities have a higher rate of unemployment than whites in America. Black unemployment in America rose “from 15.3 to 15.5 percent“ in March 2011, while only “7.9 percent of white workers were jobless” (Ross). The factors causing this lack of employment among minorities are explained as having to deal with education, age, ethnic-sounding names on job applications,

Maintaining a job is a difficult task, maybe not as difficult as obtaining a job through the application process. “Susan managed to submit fifty job applications online via her iPhone’s tiny touch screen in the past few months and did not receive a single job offer” (pg. 48). There are various factors why a person could be denied a job offer and a common reason on why the poor are rarely hired is because of their situation. However, at times it could be the employer who might be biased when reviewing certain candidates, which can be considered discrimination, but it is very difficult to prove in court. It is so easy to jump to conclusions on why a person wasn’t hired because I was the same way. I remember applying for jobs during high school and I thought it was because of my race because most of the employers were white. Since I was in high school my mentality was very childish and I didn’t know I was thinking but now that my mentality is more mature, I see it in a whole new perspective. Unless the employer provides a reason for the denial, it is nearly possible to know why a person was denied from the

As many minorities seek to attain wealth and status in America they are strained to leave any cultural or traditional ways behind closed doors when they enter into the workplace. Many do this to avoid being excluded, and as an attempt to become more equal to other fellow work colleagues, also many feel that white "supremacy" still exists- even in a subtle way. Nonetheless, once one accomplishes such a difficult task, the obstacle of earning a substantial income to maintain a decent standard of living is still a grueling task. According to Professor Harris, a teacher of political science at San Jose State University, approximately 60% of jobs in America are obtained through personal relationships and associations. This notion demonstrates that because many non-minority groups own businesses, and they tend to hire relatives and the like -many minorities are often excluded from attaining the "better" position within a company, and because many minority families we not able to leave a legacy for their family members to carry on, many minorities often miss out on opportunities to also be able to create a legacy that can continue to thrive- and the cycle continues.