Raphael's Letter To Pope Leo X

As the Church gained traction, one of the key concepts that they wanted to expunge was the influence of pagan religions. St. Augustine wrote The City of God about the actions of the Roman people on the very topic that the people because of their sins had gotten themselves into their own mess. Another way that the Church helped to expunge pagan influences was to build churches and cathedrals on pagan temples. They also came up with religious feasts to replace pagan feasts that would be going on at the same time. Another problem that had arisen for the Holy See was the struggle with royalty. An example, is when Gregory VII excommunicated Emperor Henry IV and he was only absolved by spending three days and nights prostrate outside the papal castle. A great wound to the Vatican that was self-inflicted was when Pope Clement V moved the papacy to France where it remained for nearly sixty years before Pope Gregory XI returned it to Rome. This altercation led to a problem, for the next nearly forty years, there were two Vicars of Christ, one in Rome and an antipope in France.

When Pope Julius II heard about the artist’s accomplishments, he commissioned Michelangelo to create his tomb. However, Pope Julius turns his focus in funding to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica. Rome was overpassing a difficult time, and the Pope wanted to return it to its powerful roots. Michelangelo unhappy about the Pope not paying back for the stone, returned to Florence. Yet, the Pope

In the artwork of Raphael and Parmigianino, there are some similarities and some difference between the paints The Small Cowper Madonna and Madonna of the Long Neck. The similarities between both art pieces are that the artists use the same type of material which consists of oil on wood to create their masterpieces. They both display Mary and the child Jesus and they both were made during the sixteenth century.

During his letter he talks about how the council assembled and how Pope Urban II exhorted all to resume the powers of their faith and arouse in themselves a fierce determination to overcome the machinations of the devil, and to try fully to restore Holy Church, cruelly weakened by the wicked, to its honorable status as of old. He also stated that another tribulation not less but greater than that already mentioned, even of the worst nature, was besetting Christianity from another part of the world. If you allow them to continue much longer they will conquer God’s faithful people much more extensively. Therefore, he urged the people, as heralds of God, to go out and exterminate this vile race from our lands and to aid the Christian inhabitants in time. I believe this connected back to having faith and what caused Christianity to become important during medieval Europe. As God’s people, they came together as one in order to fight for their freedom. They had faith that if God brought them through theirs then they should be able to come together and do the same for their fellow Christians with the guidance of the

According to Baldric's version of Pope Urban II's speech calling for holy war, the Pope's chief motive was to rescue or liberate Jerusalem from Muslim control, for the purpose of spreading Christianity (namely, Roman Catholicism.) Baldric wrote about the speech favorably, from a post-crusade perspective, biased by his support of the crusades and his knowledge of the victories achieved.

His goal was to once again have Rome rule. Even after his death, his followers devoted their rule to keeping this dream of Rome alive, and successfully did so until 1806 (160).

For this reason, Pope Loe IX led other church officials in implementing reform efforts that would see ensure that the church could get back its lost power. For this reason, Pope Loe IX gave orders to the Roman Catholic clergy to dismiss the church officials that had taken part in selling church offices, and to renounce their wives (McKay et al., 2014). The orders were essential for ensuring that the church could control the corruption that was becoming rampant in the church. The measures were also essential for sending a message to the secular leaders, which was presumably an indication that they were working on regaining their lost power. After the death of Pope Leo, Gregory VII, Leo’s successor, continued with the reform work based on his ideological foundation (McKay et al., 2014). One of the reforms was the expelling of secular influence within church and the papal institution, which led to the expansion of the papal powers. such reforms solved the problems that the church was facing, which means that they were appropriate for the realization of the predetermined

In the reading of the “Letter of Pope Urban II, 1095, a little bell rings the name Paul. The Paul that was once known as “Saul,” in relaxing and listening to the tape of Pope Urban II, as he recites this letter. It is as though Paul and Peter, the Apostles of Jesus has returned from the grave, and you hear, Paul states, “Beloved Brethren and Sisters, I speak with you from the zeal of God, as an Ambassador (paraphrase).” (Ephesians 6:20) Pope Urban II uses the scriptures to goat the people into during what he requires them to do, by using the “Word of God.” Pope Urban II, speaks with authority as though he is god, then he throws in the true God, whom the people need to obey. In other words, he speaks as a man with earthly power and authority, but uses the words of God to hide behind. Pope Urban II is a well known monk.

This, the Speech of Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont as recounted by the Fulcher of Chartres, had captured the call for the first crusade. The goal of bringing peace in Christendom is clearly aimed by setting a warpath towards Jerusalem to unite Christians once again to the holy land. The power in reassuring the future crusaders of absolution of all sins and promised entry into heaven is unmatched during the start of the Crusades.

The power of the Bishop in Rome resulted from several factors, including the barbarian invasions, the failure of the emperors to defend their homeland, the success of Christianity, and the fame of the Church. The Roman generals battled over who would rule and thus failed to defend their borders adequately. This created gaps in the land, which was a factor the fall of Rome. With the invasion of the barbarians, it was up to the Church to defend the lands. Pope Gregory greatly influenced the situation. He was responsible for the improved standing of the papacy. He became Rome’s financial officer, and he managed food and water supplies. He created peace with the Lombards, and was able to ransom prisoners from them in the 6th century. He created a new Liturgy of the church, and he believed the purpose of the papacy was to help the poor, thus establishing the papal title “Servant of the servants of Christ.” Gregory turned a self-seeking papacy into an office of kindness and humility.

A typical athlete story can now be known as a riches to rags story. Though there are positive and there are also negatives effects to this. Star athletes make so much money that it makes people sick, meanwhile it is also sickening our athletes mentally. The professional sporting world is now turning into a money-hungry occupation. Along with this hunger for cash comes a solid incentive for productivity.

Earlier today Pope Leo went to the place where the Po and Minicio rivers meet to persuade Attila the Hun to spare Rome. Attila had already sacked Northern Italian cities and had planned to do the same to Rome. Attila had planned to add Rome onto his list of real estate holdings.

Pope John Paul the Second It was recently this year that the Catholic world had lost its leader,

Madonna in the Pinks, whose existence cannot be substantiated before 1833 , was not identified as an autograph painting of Raphael until 1991, after an acquisition made by the National Gallery in London by using public funds. However, the authenticity of the rediscovered painting attributed to Raphael remains under some dispute. Apart from the incomplete provenance, it demonstrated visual inconsistency in style and quality with other proved works of Raphael, supplemented with the incomprehensive scientific re-verification that the current attribution of the masterpiece-to-be perhaps still needs to be viewed with skepticism.

Who would have thought that a rural boy would become one of the greatest minds of history? This boy was born during the Italian Renaissance, a time of great rebirth and renewed interest in cultural arts (Leonardo artist page 3). His name was Leonardo da Vinci, and he was born in April 15, 1452 (Leonardo artist page 9). Many would call Leonardo “a jack of all trades; master of none,” yet possibly he was a master of all (Leonardo artist page 4). He had achieved many talents and countless accomplishments (page 4). A genius at heart, Leonardo had many jobs and careers: “a painter, a sculptor, an inventor, an engineer, a writer, an architect, and… a scientist.” (Leonardo artist page 5) An excellent observer, he would often study his