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Rare Earth Causes : The New Gold Rush

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“The New Gold Rush” Is deep sea mining the next frontier for mining or a search for fool’s gold? Should the ocean be mined? Rare earth elements are not necessary rare but are rarely found in pure form. Rare earth elements are hard to find in large concentrations, mix together with other minerals and elements underground. Rare earth elements are a group of soft, lustrous, sometimes magnetic metals that form trivalent salts that include thorium, yttrium scandium, lanthanides, neodymium, trivalent salts, and sometimes zirconium. (dictionaryfocus.com, 2017) Rare earth elements are formed when magmas float into the Earth’s crust. Due to surrounding rocks, some temperature changes, and some pressure variations, the chemical composition undergoes changes. The result is an assortment of rock types that are enriched in economic elements including rare earth elements. Some locations such as the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii are particularly enriched. Typically rare earth elements are found deep on the seafloor in a great amount of mud. Manganese nodules are potato size round reddish black rocks made up of hydrated oxides of iron and manganese, along with smaller amounts of nickel, cobalt and copper, and thirty five other metals around a core. Manganese nodules form deep on the ocean floor. They are scattered across millions of acres typically away from any land. They lie in dense concentrations similar to gravel. It is not exactly known how manganese nodules form but they typically

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