Rautenstrauss And Mardin: A Literature Review

Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of blindness, is estimated to affect 1 of every 50 adults. Although glaucoma can occur at any age, the risk of developing the disease increases dramatically after the age of 35. Glaucoma is also more likely to develop in patients who are severely nearsighted, have a family history of the condition, diabetics and Black or African American. This disease often goes unnoticed until permanent vision loss has occurred. Visual damage from glaucoma can be prevented by early diagnosis and careful treatment. Glaucoma is related to elevated fluid pressure of the eye which is causing loss of side vision. It is a series of diseases which damage the optic nerve. Damage to the optic nerve and retina causes blind

Glaucoma is several eye conditions that can damage to your optic nerve. Increased pressure in the eye can cause glaucoma, which leads to vision loss or blindness (Healthline). There are five different types of glaucoma, which are open-angle (chronic) glaucoma, angle-closure (acute) glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and normal-tension glaucoma (Healthline). Open-angle (chronic) glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma, and there are no signs or symptoms expect gradual vision loss (Healthline). People that over sixty years old are at risk for glaucoma, and African Americans risk starts at forty years old. There is no cure for glaucoma, but surgeries and medicine can help

Did you know that 9-12% of people are diagnosed with glaucoma. Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve, which is usually associated with high pressure inside the eye. Glaucoma has been labelled the “sneak thief of sight”, because people remain undiagnosed until irreversible vision loss occurs. About 1 out of every 10,000 babies born in the United States are diagnosed with glaucoma. Over 3 million Americans have glaucoma, but only half of them realize they have glaucoma. In this essay, it will discuss about the different types of glaucoma, different causes of glaucoma, and different treatments for glaucoma.

"Glaucoma is a condition that causes damage to your eye's optic nerve and gets worse over time". (WebMD) Glaucoma is interlinked with the pressure in the eye. No one knows the exact cause of the glaucoma. Doctors think the main cause of the glaucoma is the pressure in the eye. Some people with the normal eye pressure also suffer with glaucoma. There are different kinds of glaucoma such as open angle glaucoma, Angle closure glaucoma, Normal tension glaucoma, Congenital and infantile glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma’s. Beta–adrenergic blockers and prostaglandins are the most frequently used topical medications at present.

More than 3 million people have glaucoma in the U.S. (and 60 million people worldwide), and unfortunately that number is projected to increase over the next decades. In the U.S., about 120,000 people are blind from glaucoma, which accounts for 9% to 12% of all cases of blindness.

Surgical treatment has been proven to improve the visual acuity (Reacher et al., 1992), but its effectiveness on cornea opacity

     Basically what my research is stating is that there is a major genetic component that contributes to this disease. There are three general types of hereditary Macular Degeneration. The first is called early onset. This is when you get it when you are four years of age up to seven. In this type both parents and their children can be affected. This means it is dominantly inherited. Most of the time this is called Best Disease or Viteliform Macular Degeneration.

Demographic risk factors for POAG are Africandescent14, 15,16 and older age (>70 years).14-22 In thepopulation-based Baltimore Eye Survey in the USA, African-Americans were four times more likely tohave glaucoma than white people.14 White people and African-Americans aged 70 years or older were 3•5 and7•4 times more likely to have glaucoma than whitepeople and African-Americans

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the result of a dynamic balance between aqueous humor formation and outflow. As a main parameter in the evaluation of patients at risk from glaucoma, it also provides the baseline pressure in ocular disease studies. While glaucoma is often associated with elevated IOP, glaucomatous changes in the retina and optic nerve sometimes occur at normal IOP; this is termed

As mentioned before, glaucomatous optic neuropathies are recognized by changes in the characteristics of the optic nerve head, or optic disc, caused by loss of retinal ganglion cells and thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer. GWAS utilizing quantitative optic nerve parameters have so far yeilded 28 genes and genomic regions as listed in Table 1D.

Glaucomas are a group of diseases leading to optic nerve damages and visual field losses. After cataract, glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness worldwide. After 40 years old, the risk of being diagnosed with glaucoma is consequently increased; 80 million people are estimated to be diagnosed with glaucoma in 2020 [14].

Humans depend on all their sense to function in life and many take them for granted. A recent article details the several health conditions that cause blindness and how individuals are reaction to it. Given the importance of sight, Jane E. Brody educates the reader on the subject in a recent article called “The Worst That Could Happen? Going Blind, People Say?” Brody listed conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and cataracts as the primary disease that cause blindness. At the same time the article encourages education and early intervention to prevent such condition.

Thus, the knowledge of normal macular thickness and its distribution is essential for assessing macular thickening in various ocular pathologies.

Genetic susceptibility and certain anatomical features of the eye are known to be major risk factors for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG),1-6 a form of glaucoma that can lead to rapid vision loss and demands immediate medical attention. PACG is a significant cause of irreversible blindness, yet it remains poorly detected. It affects Asian populations disproportionately,7 a densely populated region that accounted for 76.7% of worldwide PACG cases in 2013 with an estimated percentage increase of 58.4% by 2040.8 These numbers emphasize the importance of understanding the underlying pathogenesis of PACG as well as the role played by genetic and environmental factors.

Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that cause blindness by hurting the optic nerve, which is the large nerve that is responsible for vision. In glaucoma, the optic nerve damage is related to a change in the fluid pressure that circulates around the eyeball. In many cases, Glaucoma occurs when the eye's fluid pressure is high, but it can also occur when the pressure is measured as normal.