Reading Comprehension And The Key Pillars Of Reading Instruction

The question that I have chosen for my inquiry project is: How can you improve performance in a first grade classroom with Guided Reading? I am interested in this since I teach first grade. As a first grade teacher I am always looking for ways to improve my class’s performance. Guided reading offers support to the students as they are learning. Rogoff suggested that “adults support children’s learning by structuring the task’s difficulty level, jointly participating in problem solving, focusing the learner’s attention to the task, and motivating the learner.” (Frey & Fisher, 2010, 84).

The Simple View of Reading (SVoR) model suggests that children must have language comprehension and word recognition skills to be proficient readers, Medwell et al (2014). Jim Rose’s report (2006, p. 40) outlined the Simple View of Reading as a useful framework, which would make explicit to teachers what they need to teach about word recognition and language comprehension (see appendix 1). Before the Rose report, reading was defined as decoding black marks, Graham and Kelly (2012). After this the searchlights model suggested that phonics, grammatical knowledge, reading comprehension and graphic knowledge are equally useful tools when learning to read, Ward (2008). The Rose report’s Independent Review of the Teaching of Early reading reconstructed this model and created the SVoR. Rose (2006, p. 38) determines word recognition as a process which allows you to use “phonics to recognise words” and language comprehension as the means by which “word information, sentences and discourse are interpreted.” The SVoR suggests that, to become a fluent reader, the skills of language comprehension and word recognition are equally important and dependent on each other. Gough and Tummer first mentioned this model, as stated that “comprehension is not sufficient, for decoding is also necessary” Wyse et al (2013, p.

Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) crosses gender, cultural, and socioeconomic lines, but it does not render adolescents from participating or excelling in the academic process. ADHD disorder has been defined as a neurobiological development disorder of impaired executive functions that significantly affects self-control, behavior, cognition, and learning. (Anthony L. Rostain & J. Russell Ramsay, 2005) According to a study conducted by the American

There was a study conducted in which children were given a computer test to determine which one of them was able to answer the questions quicker: the ones who were medicated or the ones who were not. The results indicate that medication improves the ability of ADHD kids to respond faster than those of the children who were not medicated. This text is useful when considering the impact of ADHD on social, behavioral, and academic factors inherent to individuals diagnosed with this disorder.

This article is focused on the outcomes of children with ADHD with special focus on academic success. It is unfortunate that they end their study with the quote, “ We remain ill informed about

This statistic that was taken in 2011, shows that the amount of children with ADHD has risen over the years. One reason for this is that many people have very busy lifestyles now and these teens are always on the go. People also know more about ADHD symptoms, therefore it is easier to diagnose. Also, considering the fact that this disorder is more common now, more students in each classroom are likely to be struggling with ADHD. During an interview with Mariclare Pollicelli, in a large and quiet Special Education classroom at Parker Middle School, she stated, “I am a special education teacher, so I have many ADHD students. I have 22 students and 12 of them have ADHD as their primary disability on their Individualized Education Plan”. This sample represents the large number of teens who are affected by ADHD whether it be socially in school or in their education.

Every day I walk into a room full of young students eager to learn and explore the world around them, and yet I know for some of them their ability to focus in a large classroom setting prevents them from succeeding. I watch them struggle to maintain focus while listening to instruction, and I see their overactive minds tap-tap-tapping away in their own world during independent work time. These students suffer from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD. In attempts to better understand and serve the students I work with my research and subsequent paper will focus around the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, specifically as they occur within children 5-14 years old, as well as an examination on the variety of treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms. Ultimately, concluding that children in school should be required to pursue some form of treatment for their Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in order to improve their learning in the classroom. Of the 86 students that I service, I have nine students who have been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and only six of those students are receiving medication. The statistics of my classroom closely reflect the national averages for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis and treatment. The National Survey of

Attention Deficit Hyper Disorder affects over 5% of people in the U.S. (DuPaul, 2007). ADHD has many symptoms such as: always fidgeting or squirming, being easily distracted, a proneness to wander and not thinking things before acting (Becker, Woerner, Hasselhorn, Banaschewski, & Rothenberger 2004). To discover further information about what ADHD is; reading tests was given to children in Grades 1-3 (Schneider, Blanke, Faust, & Kuspert, 2011). The tests are made up of many reading exercises, and memorizing patterns (Schneider, Blanke, Faust, & Kuspert, 2011). The children that took the tests had to look at a paper with words, or pictures on them. Then they would be asked later if they remembered what the word or image was (Schneider, Blanke, Faust, & Kuspert, 2011). The conclusion of the reading test was: “Children

The Common Core State Standards place importance on the ability for students to understand and analyze key ideas in text. Students who have reading fluency are able to read text at a steady rate, summarize supporting details, and analyze different points of view. To assess a student’s fluency rate, teachers can measure WCPM, the words read correctly per minute in 2-3 grade-level passages. To assess reading comprehension, teachers can ask students to read and summarize short passages, then rate the student’s summary of the events and characters on a 7-point scale.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed in children, especially boys, at a much higher rate than ever in the past. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) state that since 2011, eleven percent (6.4 million) of children between the ages of four and seventeen have been diagnosed with ADHD (13.2 percent boys and 5.6 percent girls). Often, children with ADHD have problems with working memory, selective attention, and inhibition (Belsky, 2016, p.154). Also, children need special attention from teachers and parents to stay on track. In addition, ADHD youth have a harder time making and keeping friends. What are the reasons that these children struggle with cognitive learning and social relations and what can be done to help these children with ADHD?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more widely conceptualized because early childhood, has helped children with ADHD to function properly in educational settings. Ten years have passed since the American Academy of Pediatrics (2001) reported to educators and primary care providers that ADHD should be treated as a chronic condition, because it persists beyond childhood into adolescence (para. 2). Many students with ADHD have behavior problems that prevent them from understanding instructions and connecting with the appropriate subject skills.

Children who are diagnosed with ADHD struggle with managing behavior in school environments. As research has shown, students have difficulty paying attention and can be disruptive in class. This often leads to a decline in their academics and can hurt future academic achievements. There are a number of tools, programs, contracts, and classes that are available to students with ADHD. Along with a lack of attention and an abundance of hyperactivity, “twenty to thirty percent of ADHD children have an associated learning disorder of reading, spelling, writing, and arithmetic” (Daley & Birchwood, 2010). It can be difficult, as a teacher, to manage a classroom with children with ADHD. It is important that teachers, parents, and students, understand the opportunities available to them to help the child succeed.

ADHD is an abbreviation for attention deficit/hyper activity disorder. It is commonly referred to as a psychiatric disorder in need of therapy. The origination of the disease is in the neuro-physiological brain construct, and the main cause of the disorder is considered to be genetic (Wilson, 2012). Many children with ADHD struggle with impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention (Unnever, Cullen, & Pratt, 2003). According to McNamara, Vervaeke, and Willoughby (2008), “attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder among children and adolescents. It affects between 3% and 5% of school age children” (p. 38). In a

Reading is one of the most beneficial activities a man can do. Out of reading, man can be able to discover new things, concepts, places and people. More so, reading is a way to relax our mind and soul, going deeply through the world of story and improves our thinking and internalization process.

After the survey was over, Lucy was walked back to the class where she laid down and began to read a book right away.