Reading Instruction Is Difficult And Difficult

My earliest memories of learning to read come from first grade and a book about a dog named Pug. I remember calling the words with concentration and focus, See Pug run. Run Pug, run. I don’t recall things improving much in the second grade “turtle” reading group I was assigned to. I struggled with fluency and confidence, especially in reading group, which consisted of sitting around the kidney bean table while each student read a page in turn. Fortunately, I had a proactive mother who borrowed a copy of the basal reader from the teacher and practiced the weekly story with me at home. Not only that, she read real literature to me, which ignited a passion for reading that was not developed in my primary classrooms.

In the United States today, 38% of children in the fourth grade have been recognized as reading way below the level of their peers. Many of these children are identified with a learning disability and receive remedial instruction in the resource rooms. (Aaron, P. G., Joshi, R., Gooden, R., & Rentum, K. E.)

Learning to read is a complex task which involves active problem solving through the implementation of several intertwined skills. When providing reading instruction, it is not feasible to expect that children will pick up these skills implicitly. Effective reading instruction requires an explicit and systematic approach which aims to develop the specific skills and understanding required for successful reading. As children move through the stages of reading, learning is supported through methodical and integrated instruction in concepts of print, phonemic and phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. However children are active learners rather

Multnomah County had a survey done for kindergarten teachers. The results suggested that 19.4% of their students were not headed toward literacy success, due to a lack of necessary language and pre-reading skills. There is a 90% probability of a child that is a poor reader in first grade, still being a poor reader three years later, in fourth grade (http://www.co.marion.or.us). As Early Childhood Educators, we must help our students.

Trezek and Wang (2006) evaluated the effectiveness of utilizing the Reading Mastery I program (Engelmann & Brunner, 1995) supplemented by Visual Phonics with kindergarten and first-grade d/Dhh students. Three teachers in a Total Communication program and 13 students were included in the study that lasted over 8 months. Students’ degree of hearing loss ranged from severe to profound, and two of the first graders wore cochlear implants. Students were divided into three groups based on their age for instructions.

Throughout my elementary career, I had trouble reading and writing. I had to stay for afternoon classes to help me pronounce and comprehend letters and words. I had to take on extra reading and writing curriculum to make sure I was learning at the pace of everyone else. I was always behind no matter how fast they thought I would

he most fundamental responsibility of schools is teaching students to read. Indeed, the future success of all students hinges upon their ability to become proficient readers. Recent scientific studies have allowed us to understand more than ever before how literacy develops, why some children have difficulty, and what constitutes best instructional practice. Scientists now estimate that fully 95 percent of all children can be taught to read. Yet, in spite of all our knowledge, statistics reveal an alarming prevalence of struggling and poor readers that is not limited to any one segment of society:

This is a very important component in education to be aware of and when you are a teacher. I interviewed a first-grade teacher at my local elementary school to gain more information about the processes that our local schools go through for professional training, interventions, and in the classroom to ensure that students are developing their abilities in reading. My main focus was on what our school’s process was, how support is given, professional training offered, and what more is needed to be done to increase success for students.

Reading is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information which is essential in being a productive member of society. If and when a student missed an opportunity to learn the skills necessary for reading, it’s has a profound impact on their lives. As educators we realize that teaching all children to read requires that every child receive excellent reading instruction. We are also aware that children, who are struggling with reading must receive

So everyday I would beg my mom and sister to help me with my reading. My mom would always help me whenever I asked, but my sister was a little bit harder to convince. Usually she would help me though. Once I began learning how to read, I realized how much fun it was. It was all I ever wanted to do. Whenever I was bored, I would just sit down and write out all the words that I could. But I would soon learn those words and go look through books to find new ones to learn. I quickly caught on and I was able to read simple books very well. I would practice whenever I could. When I was in the car I would read all the street signs and names of buildings that we passed by. Reading became my go to whenever I was bored, sad, angry, or just wanted to have a little

Within the field of education, a continuous debate about the most effective manner in which to provide reading instruction has been on-going since the Johnson Administration’s War on Poverty Report of the 1960s. The primary focus of that debate is whether a skills-based approach or a meaning – based approach was most effective for teaching beginning reading skills (phonemic and phonological awareness), comprehension, and enrichment. (Frey, et.al, 2005) The silks-based or direct instruction approach to reading instruction focuses on explicit and systematic instruction of letter-sound correspondence, phonological and phonemic awareness, and their relationship to reading and comprehension. The meaning- based or balanced

The role of the reading specialist is to be able to teach all children to read, which requires that every child receive excellent reading instruction and that children who are struggling with reading receive additional instruction from professionals specifically prepared to teach them. Teaching all children to read also requires reading specialists in every school because the range of student achievement in classrooms, with the inclusion of children who have various physical, emotional, and educational needs, requires different educational models from those of the past. In order to provide these services, schools must have reading specialists who can provide expert instruction, assessment, and leadership for the reading program. Reading specialists are professionals with advanced preparation and experience in reading who have responsibility for the literacy performance of readers in general and struggling readers in particular. This includes early childhood, elementary, middle, secondary, and adult learners. Learners can be in public, private, and commercial schools, or in reading resource centers or clinics (Roles). This paper will explore what it means to be able to encourage and enhance instruction within content area learning and literacy competence, as well as identifying research initiatives, which have a profound impact upon teaching, and learning of reading and the language arts.

I tutored a struggling reader in Kindergarten. In this paper, I will refer to the student as “Sue Elle” and the school as “ABC Elementary” for confidentiality purposes. Sue Elle is a 5-year-old girl who lives with her mother, father, and her two older siblings. She did not attend preschool before entering Kindergarten. She spent most of her preschool years with her grandmother. In comparison to the class,she tends to perform at the lowest level amongst her peers. Currently Sue does not receive any academic support. The teacher believes that she can become a better reader, however,she is concerned about Sue’s lack of letter and sound recognition.

The study was conducted for four years and consisted of about one hundred students per grade level, as well as twenty teachers from both general and special education. All three tiers of intervention were used throughout this study. Tier 1 was used mainly for professional development for teachers of reading in order to prepare them to properly monitor and administer the interventions to their students. There were multiple sessions throughout the year so the teachers could implement their knowledge from professional development to improve their reading instruction. Tier 2 consisted of small group intervention with two to three students that met three times per week for about 10-15 minutes. The students selected for Tier 2 intervention represented the lower third of each kindergarten class. The main focus of Tier 2 was alphabet letters and sounds, one-syllable spoken words, and selecting letters to represent sounds in shortened words. First graders that received Tier 2 intervention met for 20-25 minutes three times per week and consisted of small groups. This was an addition to their classroom reading instructional time. Tier 2 for first graders focused on more intense things than in kindergarten, such as decoding words with taught letter

2005 I moved to West Memphis, Arkansas for the first time. Something new just like how I learned to read. One day I got into trouble with my English teacher. I didn’t want to read from a story in the textbook. It was towards the end of the day and I was tired and ready for school to end for the day. He sent me to the principal office and I was dicsplined from there. My guardian wasn’t thrill at all. I was punished for a week of no leisure time but of reading from the textbook. Dreadful it was, I had to read aloud in front of my guardian. Every word I pronounced incorrect, I was paused and corrected with the right word and its meaning, followed by an example. Entire night filled with words I never heard of and structure to help me understand; became exciting. I was reading fluently and correcting myself. Before I knew it, I was asleep on the textbook cover. The foolowing week I was applaud by my English teacher because of how well I was able to explain what I read from homework. I now was asked to read aloud in class. More confident about not knowing how to say or know the meaning of a word and asking. I figured, maybe if I break the silence, I’ll be helping myself and someone else would didn’t know wither. Now reading is natural and