1 Introduction
1.1 Definition
With the development of culture, communication has become more and more important. In order to understand each other , most people focus on how to express themselves efficiently, they use language which is clear and certain. It seems that in this way the meaning can be expressed accurately, while fuzzy words must be avoided. But a lot of facts have proved that the uses of fuzzy words is very common in our daily communication.
There are a lot of scholars and linguists try to find out the definition of fuzziness. In 1965,the American scientist L.A.Zadeh published his famous article “Fuzzy Sets” on the “Information and Control Magazine”. He is the first to raise the theory of “fuzzy sets”, with the help of this theory, he studied the fuzzy problems of different aspects.
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There are different reasons for fuzzy language, but most linguists can not search for the consensus. In communications, we have to admit that the reasons for fuzzy language are complicated.
1.3.1 Objective Reasons
In objective world , different things, phenomena and features compose the continuum, it is hard to have a clear borderlines. Since the nature has fuzzy phenomena, language can also be fuzzy. For example, color and time in nature are continua, people have to divide them into several stages, “in the small hours”, “morning”, “noon”, “afternoon”, “dusk”, “evening”, “night” and so on, there is a transition area between two stages, which leads to the uncertainty of borderline. These words that can express this category is also fuzzy.
This world is full of mysteries, which makes thoughts complicated and language fuzzy.
1.3.2 Subjective Reasons
People’s cognition is based on the partition of things. Nationality’s partition of things is related with the features, cognition and the demand of communication. Different nationality have different way to know and divide things, such as semantic field about
Different social, professional and cultural contexts may affect relationships and the way people communicate due to of a lack of understanding or knowledge of one another’s background and culture. This could be through their race, religion, ethnicity or where they come from. Each one of these can have similar or very different ways to communicate. For example
In a narrow sense, fuzzy logic can be defined as a logical system, which is an expansion of multi-valued logic. Whereas in a wider sense it is almost similar with fuzzy sets theory. It is a method for computing based on "degrees of truth or fact" rather than the "true or false" (1 or 0). The idea of fuzzy logic was first proposed by Dr. Lotfi Zadeh of the University of California at Berkeley in the 1965 [65].
Have you ever wondered how we speak? How about why our communication is considered a language and other animal’s communication is not considered language? A wide range of beliefs exist on what defines language. Thus, by exploring the definition of language and lexicon, evaluating language’s key features, the four levels of language structure and processing, and the role of language in Cognitive Psychology, an understanding of what language is becomes clear. Let us begin by defining language and a term named lexicon.
This book is divided into 2 parts, the functions of language and language and thought. The deepest debt of the author in this book is to the general semantics. It is designed to educate the reader using concepts that are first explained in straightforward terms
Culture can be divide into two main components as Tangible and intangible aspect. Tangible culture can be seen as monuments, ruins, and historical buildings which refers to the history, art, science or other culture preservation. The intangible culture is imperceptible such as knowledge, expression, and social norms that distinguish the identity, personality, and spirituality of one from another, which further influence one’s behavior, emotion, and the way of thinking. There are always culture similarities and differences between place to place, yet there are more differentiates between the western and eastern culture such as the United Kingdom and Taiwan. The culture differences can not only discover in life trivia but also can perceived easily
Westerns and East Asian mentality differ from an analytic and holistic standpoint. Westerns mentality is analytic; which focus on the attention of the object while categorizing it by its attributes. For East Asian mentality; it is viewed as holistic, where the focus is on the field in which the location of the object and its relationship is significant. In comparison with Hindu Indians and Americans, both outcomes presumed to be different. Hindus explained the ordinary life events in a much more presumed disposition.
Language is a tool used for communication and can be utilized in different ways to achieve various goals. The way in which individuals use language and the different communication styles is dependent upon many factors such as the medium used to communicate (Lipinski-Harten & Tafarodi, 2012) and the personality traits of the individual communicating (DeWall, Buffardi, Bonser, & Campbell, 2011; Oberlander & Gill, 2006). Language cues can be useful in distinguishing honesty from deceit in high-stakes lies (McQuaid, Woodworth, Hutton, Porter, & ten Brinke, 2015) as well as in everyday conversations (Duran, Hall, McCarthy, & McNamara, 2010). There are many facets to language including word count, word choice, and sentence structure, to name a few.
George J. Kilr and Bo Yuan [32] Fuzzy logic is a way to formalize the human decision capacity of imprecise reasoning, or approximate reasoning. Such type of reasoning represents the human ability to find out the reason approximately and judge
A culture of any region provides a complete framework to its inhabitants to how to organize themselves, their actions and thoughts with respect to their environment. Thus culture is not innate; instead it is learned by the people as they continue to live in that particular region. This culture drives their thinking, actions and basically all kinds of interaction with their surroundings. Thus, it is different for different areas and people from these areas learn different ways to interact by each other(Neuliep, 2015).Moreover, people from different cultures differ from each other because of their context in which they move about. This context plays an important role in providing meaning to their interaction. There are some things that cannot be understood by verbal words alone; they have to be justified by the context in which they exist. This has been argued by Edward Hall, according to whom, “context carries varying proportions of the meaning” (Gamsrieglerm, 2005). Because of these differences in interaction due to differences in the context in which these people exist, culture has been divided into two sub-categories. One is high-context culture and the other is low-context culture. These two terms are used to refer to the differences in culture between different societies because of the difference in context, and have been suggested by a well-known U.S. anthropologist Edward T. Hall (Hofstede, 2011).
Other countries around the world each have their own experience with and approach to ideas about how people differ, depending upon their historical and linguistic heritages. (Gundling 2007)
There are many people who come from different cultural backgrounds, and have different worldviews. Therefore, communication is the key to helping individuals understand the worldviews of other cultures. While, communicating with people from different cultures can be extremely complex, it can also have many advantages. Culture influence the way individuals think, learn and interpret worldviews. Therefore, to communicate with diverse cultures, individuals must have some knowledge of how they differ in worldviews.
Computational linguistics seeks to develop the computational machinery needed for an agent to exhibit various forms of linguist behavior. By “agent” is meant that both human beings and artificial agents such as computer programs. By “machinery” we mean computer programs as well as the linguistic knowledge that they contain. If computational linguistics is viewed as an Artificial Intelligence (AI) it has the goal of modeling human language as a cognitive system. Computational linguistics can be studied as a science, because it involves complexity in unfolding language influence on
As we look up a word, it is common to find a single word with different meanings. For the variance of words meaning, when we want to convey certain
Language is an important aspect of people’s daily lives. People use language to communicate with others, and in order for the communication process to run well, they need to understand what the other person is saying and this process of understanding the words is called thinking. This paper explores the relationship between language and thought, about how language shapes thought, in particular, whether language affects thought in another way besides the exact meaning of the words. The authors looked at several views on the relation between language and thought and examined their arguments. They concluded that it is true that language influenced the thought and it has effect on abstract inferences.
Ambiguity is a unique language phenomenon, which is prevalent in many languages. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the creation and formation of ambiguity. In the daily life, people would choose to state their mind, convey their message, express their feelings and share their experience through different pronunciations, tones, intonations, vocabularies and grammatical structures. In the process of a communication, for certain need, people have to communicate their thought through with help of body language so as to be understood clearly, which helps to explain