Renaissance and Revolution Did Copernicus

reciprocity, this caused trade between two different countries instead of just one. This brought in more

Economic changes occurred partly due to the newly formed nation-states of Spain, Portugal, France, and England. Trade at that time was limited and expensive, so the Europeans began looking for new trade routes to Asia. What they found was an altogether new place that opened up many new opportunities for food sources, money, and slave labor. A motivator for exploration was “defined primarily in terms of silver and gold and secondarily in terms of raw materials.” Another factor to consider was the population explosion that came about after the Black Plague wiped out around 30 million Europeans producing “economic disruption.” Spain was seeking gold to finance further expeditions abroad and their own war with the Muslims on the home front. Britain was seeking new trade markets for their wool with the collapse of their wool market at home. Another mitigating economic factor was the rising prices created by the flood of American silver into the European market. This caused rates to double on many goods, which benefited the farmers and the merchants, but the majority of people suffered because their wages did not rise proportionately. This increased the number of people living on the fringes of society and “thus built up pressure to immigrate to the Americas.”

peasants left for the towns, the towns grew larger. This brought a new social class to

Due to the growing economic activity in the colonies both locally and amongst each other as well as all of the external trade, the local and colonial

Marx 's conflict theory has a very distinct ideology, it is stated that it mainly focuses on the causes and effect of class conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The Bourgeoisie represented the members of a higher society which held onto the majority of the wealth and means also known as the owners of the way of manufacture and the capitalistic. While the proletariat class was constructed by individuals who belong to the working class or the poor. While they would focus on the economical, societal, and governmental implications of the rise of the capitalist economy in Europe. With the rise of the capitalist economy, it was theorized that the bourgeoisie,

iii.The trade introduced new products to Europe and European products to peoples around the world.

As much as Europe’s worldwide empires had globalized the war, so too its economic linkages

Discuss how the rise in industry and labour unions, as well as the influx of immigrants, influenced the social, economic, and political atmosphere of the Gilded Age.

CCOT ESSAY: Analyze continuities and changes in the ways ONE of the following regions participated in interregional trade during the period circa 1500 to 1750.

Multiple large-scale transformations were generated by Europe. For example, one major transformation that the European empires caused would collapse Native American societies as they were. Yet another of these transformations would be the introduction as it were of trade. Europeans were capable of exchanging plants and animals which facetted the creation of better crops in the Americas. With a large amount of plantation workers in the Americas, Europe was able to link with America and Europe to form the cotton and Sugar trade.

Explain how advances in learning and technology influence fifteenth- and sixteenth- century European exploration and trade.

a) By the mid-18th century the economy of the 13 colonies was growing within strong limitations. Briefly explain the role of TWO of the following in the colonial economy:

As the bourgeois advanced financially, they also gained political influence. They progressed from a once oppressed class to an independent urban republic. As their political influence increased, certain changes became clear. The bourgeois had “torn away from the family its sentimental veil, and has reduced the family relation to a mere money relation (Marx).” This force eventually grew to the point that it was able to force other nations to conform to its values and methods or suffer extinction. As the bourgeois became richer, the proletarians began to suffer more. The balance of property began to shift even more rapidly than before leaving property “concentrated…in a few hands (Marx).” Eventually, the super-efficient production of the manufacturing economy began to take its toll on the bourgeois as well as the proletarians. More goods were produced due to the cheaper costs and ease of manufacture leading to an over-production of goods (Marxism). Over-production became a serious problem, resulting with widespread unemployment of the proletarians, and threats of a revolution on the horizons.

Situation Outcome: The Dependent Variable George Bernard Shaw once said, “Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.” Before the Scientific Revolution took place, change was ostracized; their beliefs were practically set in stone by ancient thinkers and were supported up by the powerful church. Lasting from the 16th through the 18th century, Scientific Revolution exhibited individuals challenging tradition; the difference of time period, relationship with the church, and personality affected how Galileo and Copernicus challenged tradition in this era. Born in 1473, Nicolaus Copernicus was a timid mathematician and astronomer connected to the Catholic Church.

I chose to concentrate on question three for this paper because I found the idea of class analysis and how it affected the Marxist tradition to be a fascinating subject matter. While researching the kinds of social analysis that were used in the formation of Marxist theory I found that Karl Marx and his predecessors concentrated less on the role sociology plays in society and concentrated more on issues of class struggle and how it affects the formation of society. I believe that their focus on class struggle is because it feeds into the idea of reforming society in a more fair and just manner.