Research Study on the Occurance of Changes in HL-60 Cells

Red and white blood cells are the two types of blood cells in the human body. Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body which is transferred through the bloodstream. It moves oxygen into the body and then removes it. They are absorbed through its haemoglobin.

HeLa simply stands for Henrietta Lacks, a young mother in the 1951 who went to the doctor complaining of vaginal bleeding and discovered she had cervical cancer. Henrietta’s cells were taken for a biopsy and were found to be like nothing ever seen before; her cells were immortal. Her cancer cells double every 20 to 24 hours and have lived on for the past 60 years. Since HeLa cells were created, our world of modern medicine has been completely changed. We now vaccines for once incurable diseases and have used the cells for cloning and other biomedical research. Although the cells have done a great deal of good,

HeLa cells are cells collected from Henrietta Lacks that have helped in many different medical advancements. HeLa cells helped to create in vitro fertilization, the polio vaccine, and some cancer treatments, to name a few. They were cervical cancer cells that served as an immortal cell line for scientific research. HeLa cells were the first line of human cells that survived in a test tube. They were taken and grown by Dr. George Gey in 1951.

3.An example of the urinary system working with the respiratory system to regulate blood pH would be

Do immortal cells exist? Loretta Pleasant, better known as Henrietta Lacks was an African American female born on August 1, 1920. She spent almost most of her childhood and early teenage years in Roanoke, Virginia. At the age of fifteen, Henrietta married David Lacks and moved to Baltimore, Maryland. Together, they had five children. Their children were named, Deborah, David Jr., Lawrence, Elsie, and Joseph Lacks.

The scientific development of the HeLa cells has made a huge impact in the medical field. HeLa cells are a cell line created from the doctors of Johns Hopkins Hospital. These cells are from a woman named Henrietta Lacks and are considered to be “immortal”. They are considered to be unique because they are not like any other normal human cell. This cell line is considered to be a triumph to many scientists and researchers, but it also had some negative impacts. Many controversies arose from the development of these cells such as how doctors at Johns Hopkins did not get consent from its patients, how the Lacks family received nothing even with the success of HeLa cells, and the racial segregation that has become one of the reasons for the creation

Immortal HeLa cells have touched every person’s life and have created advancements in the medical field that no doctor could have ever foreseen, although the cells are known, many do not know Henrietta Lacks, the African American woman who the cells were taken from. In her novel, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Rebecca Skloot tells the story of Henrietta and how her cells have affected her family’s life, and the history of medicine. She tells Henrietta’s journey from the time of meeting her husband Day, to being diagnosed with cervical cancer. In 1951, Henrietta dies, leaving behind her five children and affecting countless others who knew and loved her. Skloot wants to release the story of the Lacks family, and with the help of Henrietta’s

It’s insane that nobody would even know the name Henrietta Lacks if I mentioned her name, not even the contribution HeLa Cells has made for society since she has died.

After finishing reading the second part of the book, I feel very shocked about the scientists’ attitude and effort towards Hela cells, as well as the hard life of Henrietta’s family.

Molecular Cell Biology, 7th Edition, 2013, Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Bretscher. Ploegh, Amon, and Scott. W.H. Freeman and Company (ISBN-13: 978-1-4292-3413-9)

The HH514-16 Burkitt lymphoma B cell is a cell line used that is infected with the Epstein-Barr Virus.  Cells are grown using RPMI 1640 medium containing 8% fetal bovine serum; a supplement contain low level of antibodies and growth factors.  Quality and quantity of the cells are measured by counting the number of alive and dead cells under a microscope and also noting shape, size, and arrangement.  After, the cells are then cultured and treated with Haloperidol (HPD) at varying concentrations or exposure times.  Exposure times are marked when the cells are frozen and stored in negative 80 degrees celsius.  RNA is then isolated from the cells using a Promega kit.  RNA concentrations are  measured using a Nanodrop and then appropriate dilutions are achieved to ensure unified sample concentration.  iScript reverse transcriptase generates a strand of complementary DNA from a RNA template, to then be measured by PCR.  Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) which monitors the amplification of targeted RNA molecules.  iTaq Universal SYBR green binds to double stranded DNA and detects the products that accumulate during PCR. BZFL1 and myc are the genes being monitored that regulate transcription factors, which are being compared against the 18s control.  From these experiments, the amplification of the genes is measured. We will determine what concentration or exposure time of Haloperidol reactivates the

On February 8, 1951 a sample of cancerous cervical tissue was taken from Henrietta Lacks, a patient at John Hopkins Hospital who would later die from an aggressive strain of cervical cancer on October 4, 1951. The sample was taken during her first radium treatment without her knowledge by Doctor Howard W. Jones, and sent to the cell culture lab where George and Margret Gey would grow her cells. The sample was taken without consent; this calls the ethics of the hospital, and doctors into question. The Lacks family knew little of what Henrietta’s cells would later go onto do or how they could be immortal. Doctors, scientist and the media treated the Lacks family poorly. Although the HeLa cells would create the path to some of the greatest advances

HL-60 cells, or Human Leukemia cells, are known for their special characteristics such as immortality, as well as their ability to differentiate into various hematopoietic cell types, such as monocytes and granulocytes (1). Aside from these known characteristics, researchers have taken an interest in HL-60 cells because of their differentiation on behalf of numerous chemical inducers (1). HL-60 cells have been discovered to differentiate into granulocytes upon treatment of Dimethyl Sulfoxide, or DMSO (2). Similarly, HL-60 cells it has been determined that treatment of HL-60 cells with the chemical agent Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, or PMA, leads to monocyte differentiation (3).

In chapter 17, we learn about how in the 1950's Chester Southam wondered if the cancerous HeLa cells

Henrietta completely did not have any privacy at all and completely lost hers long before the book was published. The doctors took away her privacy as soon has they removed her cells from her body with the vision of using it for their own research. I do believe that the family is owed money for the sale of HeLa cells due to the cells making such a major impact in medicine. Her cells literally has saved many lives. Without HeLa’s cells, there would not have been a breakthrough in the studies of cervical cancer, herpes, leukemia, influenza, and many other diagnoses. I believe due to her cells, physicians now do pap smears yearly on adult women to detect abnormal or pre-cancerous cells. I do highly agree with their feeling that they should be