Resource Based View

There are many physical changes that happen during the late adult years. These include vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch, height and hair. In late adulthood your vision is more likely to get worse. There are many different things that can happen with your vision. Along with vision, hearing is also affected. Hearing is affected by many different components. You can lose the ability

As a person ages, the constant need to accommodate when looking at nearby objects such as in reading or doing close-up work becomes more difficult (Goldstein, 2014). The main reason a person may experience the need for a brighter light when they get older is a result of a condition called presbyopia, also referred to as "old eye" (Goldstein, 2014). Old eye describes when the distance of the near point increases as a person ages. According to Goldstein (2014), "The near point for most 20-year-olds is at about 10 cm, but it increases to 14 cm by age 30, 22 cm at 40, and 100 cm at 60" (p. 25). Generally, this change occurs because the lens hardens with age and the ciliary muscles in the eye become weaker, causing great difficulty in vision when looking at objects in close range (Goldstein, 2014).

The cataracts within the eye often changes in the lens of the eye. As people grow older the lens in the eye starts to change and can start to appear cloudy looking, this often happens and stops the process of the eye lens from being able to change shape or even to transmit the light properly. The cataracts may start to form between the ages of 50 and 60 years old and can often take a while to develop. If you are known to have diabetes then that also contributes to poor cataracts.

Visual impairment is a state wherein an individual experiences difficulty in seeing or not being able to see anything physical presented to them. According to Mandal, MD (2013) It is a state where a visually impaired person’s eyesight cannot be corrected back to a “normal level”. Visual impairment is often associated with old age. In Europe, an estimated 15.5 million people have visual impairment and in seven countries in Europe, about 50% of blindness is caused by age-related macular degeneration. (Dibb,

The loss of physical strength makes it difficult to maneuver a motor vehicle. A Driver is required to use necessary body parts such as their head and neck to check for blind spots before changing lanes and their hands and arms to grip the steering wheel. Elderly driver’s reflexes are much slower than when they were younger. Their response time to traffic signals, reacting to unexpected pedestrians and other motorists moving in front of them is slower.

For the health condition description of age-related macular degeneration I will discuss the etiology, onset, prevalence rate, body systems, body structures, and associated deficits that come and are associated with this disease. “AMD is the degradation of the cells at the center of the retina which is the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that registers light. The macula is responsible for ventral vision, which enables us to read, drive, participate in sports, and do anything else that requires focusing directly ahead. Macular degeneration distorts the heart of the vision field” (Macular degeneration, 1998). Sunlight and smoking are both influences of the onset of AMD (Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), 2014). It is suggested to avoid intense bright sunlight which may help reduce the retinal degeneration. Hats, sunglasses and any other accessories that can help protect the eyes from the sun are suggested. Cigarette smoking has also been linked to increasing the risk of developing AMD and it is recommended that persons should stop smoking to decrease their chance of developing AMD (Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), 2014). AMD does not develop until the sixth or seventh decade of life, although early

Around the age of 40 is when the eyes begin to fail. Along with basic things like peripheral vision, your color vision fades. The cells become less sensitive to the colors it receives. Colors become less vibrant and less

Vision Changes: There will often be a “fireworks display” shown over their vision of bright flashing lights. On top of this, the vision may become clouded or severely blurry.

According to our lecture, vision is restricted in old age. This is due to that fact that the lens becomes dull and thickens. The pupil becomes less reactive. Other medical issues can include cataracts and glaucoma. Cataracts is a medical condition in which the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision. Glaucoma is an increase of pressure on the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight. As for hearing, it can be damaged due to the small hairs within the cochlea. The elasticity of the tympanic membrane can also damage hearing. As for the sensory system, elderly often experience substantial decline in their ability to detect and discriminate touch stimuli. The age–related changed in prehension patterns (grip and pinch strength) and hand dexterity in the elderly population is most common. Deterioration in hand function is, to a large degree, secondary to degenerative changes in the musculoskeletal, vascular, and nervous systems. Deterioration of hand function is a combination of local structural changes (joint, muscle, tendon, bone, nerve receptors, blood supply, and skin) and more distant changes in neural

Attention is known as a behavioral and cognitive process of selectively concentrating awareness on a specific object, issue, or activity, while not focusing on other potential stimuli from the environment. While the human brain has great capabilities for processing information, it also has limited capacity. A person cannot attend to all the information being received through all the five senses at one time. And this capacity is reduced as people get older. Older people tend to have decreased brain activity in the the brain areas that

Roughly 30% of all of senior citizens over the age of 65 have some form of these five types of eye diseases.

Peripheral visual field loss can be addressed by: helping the student acquire more awareness of their environment, using visual cues to help with organization; utilizing tinted glass or mini-blinds, using additional and glare-free illumination; and allowing extra time for light/dark adaptation and time to complete tasks

Advancing age is a common hindrance to the proper functioning of the body senses. The eyes will have difficulty focusing on near and distant objects. Adapting to different levels of light is the other common problem. Cataracts, also called clouding of vision is another common condition that results from changes in eye’s lens. Hearing abilities also diminish. With this, you will have difficulties following a conversation or hearing high frequencies.

“Pay close attention to each student’s individual needs; provide a curriculum similar to that for sighted students; and expect students to integrate into their communities.” (Hall, 2012). There are many different categories of visual impairments that individuals can fall under. People can have low vision, visual acuity, or total blindness along with others. Visual impairment comes in two ways. Friend (2018) claims “Congenital visual impairment refers to a condition that is present at or near the time of birth. An adventitious visual impairment is a condition that is acquired at birth, either in childhood or at some later point in life.” (P. 359). According to Friend (2018), “Visual impairments result when problems exist in the structure or functioning of the eye, when the eye is damaged through illness of injury, or when a neurological problem prevents communication between the brain and the eye.” (P. 360). Friend (2018) found “Retrolental fibroplasia (RFL) is the condition where too much oxygen is placed in the premature incubator where babies are given uncontrolled amounts of oxygen to assist their breathing.” (P. 357). Stevie Wonder became blind through this particular situation. Visual impairment has been around for centuries, but just as the world advances so does the knowledge of visual impairment.

As well, all five senses change with age. Some senses show more dramatic change than others. Changes in sight and hearing have the greatest effect on a person’s ability to function in later life. Changes in vision can begin as early as age 30. By age 55, most people need glasses for reading. With age, the eyes produce