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Review Questions Integumentary System

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BIO 137
Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Chapter 5 -- Review Questions

1. Describe the hypodermis. Is it part of the skin?
Yes, it’s part of the skin. The hypodermis is the innermost and thickest layer of the skin. It cushions the body and helps regulate skin and body temperature.

2. Describe the composition of the epidermis.
The epidermis is made up of Stratified Squamous Epithelium.

3. Name and discuss the four cell types found in the epidermis. (Give the structure and function of each) * Keratinocytes- 90% filled with keratin and have a waterproof barrier. * Melanocytes- 8% produce melanin pigment and pass them to the keratinocytes. * Langerhans cells- phagocytes from the immune system and are easily …show more content…

Arrector Pili- smooth muscle.

17. What is the hair follicle and what are some structures associated with it? It’s a skin organ that produces hair. Structures associated are infundibulum, the arrector pili muscles, the sebaceous glands, and the apocrine sweat glands.

18. How does testosterone influence hair growth? Secretion increases at puberty and male pattern of hair growth and distribution begins. The testosterone can also produce excess hair production.

19. What is alopecia and why does it occur? Hair thinning in both sexes before age 40. It can genetically occur and is sex-influenced.

20. What causes male pattern baldness? A follicular response to DHT.

21. Discuss the structure and function of nails. The nail matrix is the tissue which the nail protects. The lunula is the visible part of the nail; the white crest shape. The nail bed is the skin beneath the nail plate. The nail sinus is where the nail root is inserted. The nail root is the base of the nail underneath the skin. The nail plate is the actual nail. The nail has the function of protecting the distal phalanx, the fingertip, and the surrounding soft tissues from injuries.

22. Name and discuss six functions of the integumentary system. * Protection- chemical (low pH secretions & bacterial activity), physical/mechanical (keratin &glycolipids block most water & water soluble substances), biological barriers (dendritic cells, macrophages & DNA). * Body

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