BIO 137
Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Chapter 5 -- Review Questions
1. Describe the hypodermis. Is it part of the skin?
Yes, it’s part of the skin. The hypodermis is the innermost and thickest layer of the skin. It cushions the body and helps regulate skin and body temperature.
2. Describe the composition of the epidermis.
The epidermis is made up of Stratified Squamous Epithelium.
3. Name and discuss the four cell types found in the epidermis. (Give the structure and function of each) * Keratinocytes- 90% filled with keratin and have a waterproof barrier. * Melanocytes- 8% produce melanin pigment and pass them to the keratinocytes. * Langerhans cells- phagocytes from the immune system and are easily
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Arrector Pili- smooth muscle.
17. What is the hair follicle and what are some structures associated with it? It’s a skin organ that produces hair. Structures associated are infundibulum, the arrector pili muscles, the sebaceous glands, and the apocrine sweat glands.
18. How does testosterone influence hair growth? Secretion increases at puberty and male pattern of hair growth and distribution begins. The testosterone can also produce excess hair production.
19. What is alopecia and why does it occur? Hair thinning in both sexes before age 40. It can genetically occur and is sex-influenced.
20. What causes male pattern baldness? A follicular response to DHT.
21. Discuss the structure and function of nails. The nail matrix is the tissue which the nail protects. The lunula is the visible part of the nail; the white crest shape. The nail bed is the skin beneath the nail plate. The nail sinus is where the nail root is inserted. The nail root is the base of the nail underneath the skin. The nail plate is the actual nail. The nail has the function of protecting the distal phalanx, the fingertip, and the surrounding soft tissues from injuries.
22. Name and discuss six functions of the integumentary system. * Protection- chemical (low pH secretions & bacterial activity), physical/mechanical (keratin &glycolipids block most water & water soluble substances), biological barriers (dendritic cells, macrophages & DNA). * Body
Task2: The main tissue types of the body and the role these play in two named organs of the body.
3. Associated with the hair follicles are holocrine glands called __SEBACEOUS___, which produce a skin oil called ___SEBUM_______.
2. Describe and give at least one example of each of the functions of the integumentary system.
The skin is divided into three different parts including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. This region of the skin has no blood cells or blood vessels running through it. All of the nutrients that the epidermis needs are received through diffusion from the dermis. The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells. The epidermis is made of five separate layers: the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and the stratum corneum. Starting at the innermost layer, the stratum basale is where mitosis of keratinocytes takes place. This layer of the epidermis also contains melanocytes which give the skin it’s pigment. As mitosis takes place in the stratum
Skin is the largest organ on the body. It has two layers: the thin outer layer is made up of dead skin cells that are constantly shed and replaced by new cells. The thick inner layer is made up of blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles, which contain glands. The glands in the hair follicles produce an oily substance called sebum, which keeps the skin and hair from drying out. Daily washing will keep the skin on the face and other areas of the body clean by removing the dirt, oil, and dead cells before they can accumulate.
Barrier to UV radiation, protects against harmful organisms, prevents loss of water, regulates body temperature, is an excretory organ, and is a receptor for external stimuli
The skin secretes sebum from the sebaceous glands. The fatty substance lubricates the hair shafts and when combined with perspiration on the surface of the skin. Treats a natural moisturizer, which acts a protective barrier against bacteria.
Phospholipids 4.What component of the cell membrane might contribute to maintaining the fluidity of the plasma membranes? Chlosterol 5.Describe globular proteins found in the membrane. They are compacted and folded Amino acids. 6.What percentage of all genes encode membrane proteins? 25% 7.Give some of the common functions of cellular membranes.
The dermis contains elastic and fibrous tissues such as fibrillin, collagen and elastin. These tissues gives
The Integumentary System, also known as the skin, is the largest organ of the body. Its complete structure is composed of many different tissues. The skin protects the cow’s body from any bacterial invasions and physical damage. When a cow becomes sick, the skin is the first system that is affected. The integumentary system is composed of three layers: (i) Epidermis, (ii) Dermis, and (iii) Hypodermis or Subcutis. To start with the inner most layer you have the Hypodermis (Subcutis). The Hypodermis consists of connective tissues, elastic fibers and fat. When fat forms a layer of thickness it is called Peniculus Adiposus. Any reserved energy is also stored within the Hypodermis. Then you have the layer, Dermis. The Dermis supports the outer most layer, Epidermis. Dermis consist of collagen, reticular and elastic fibers which plays a large role in the strength and elasticity in the skin; as well as the maintenance and repair of the skin. Lastly, you have the Epidermis. The Epidermis alone consist of four sublayers, (i) Stratum Corneum – outermost horny layer, (ii) Stratum Lucidum – clear layer, (iii) Stratum Granulosum – granular layer, and (iv) Stratum Spinosum – prickly cell layer. The Epidermis is derived from basal membrane Stratum Basale, which presents the openings for the hair follicles. Some of the functions of the skin include: preservation of the cow’s shape, protection from water loss, protection from any physical, chemical and microbial injury imposed by an external agent. An important role of the skin is it balances its Thermoregulation, which is its ability of an organism to regulate its body
Children The Information Hair Loss - Adult Style.National Alopecia Areata Foundation, alopecia is a common disease is usually diagnosed in childhood reports. Children's Alopecia Project, according to cheap lace wigs to make hair loss is caused by the rapidly growing white blood cells attacking the hair follicles. Does not attack the root of the follicle is the supply of new cells, which means that the growth potential of the
The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue.
Dermis: one of the two layers of cells that form the skin. Specifically, it is the innermost layer.
The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body from damage, and consists of skin and its appendages: hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands. The skin is our body’s covering, and is the largest organ of the body.
Relation to Endocrine System – Androgens produced by the endocrine system activate the sebaceous glands and help regulate hair growth; estrogen helps to maintain skin hydration. 3 Fun Facts 1. The thinnest skin is found on your eyelids – 0.1mm thick, while the thickest skin is found on the bottom of your foot – 2-3mm thick. 2.