Review Sheet Review Essay

Homeostasis is what allows our internal system to maintain at a constant condition. In order to maintain equilibrium the body must communicate using the control system. It is essential that the body monitors its conditions whether that be blood pressure, thirst sensation or body temperature (this is either gained or lost). Negative feedback is most important and comes first, this allows for the body to correct itself and get back to a set point when it is off track. There are three components that link with this feedback. A sensor (receptor) sends signals to the control center that something is unusual, the control center compares the many values of our normal body range and decides

and the information from this case to explain each of the following aspects of blood pressure and discuss

Body temperature is maintained within a fairly regular range by the hypothalamus that is found in the brain. The hypothalamus

Homeostasis imbalance can result from three main influences; internal influences, external influences and exposure to environmental toxins. The homeostatic system responds to environmental fluctuations to maintain internal equilibrium and balance (homeostasis). For example, if the environmental temperature drops or increases dramatically the homeostatic system will respond to return the body to the optimum temperature (set point) of 37 degrees Celsius. The body uses a negative feedback system regarding temperature to maintain homeostasis, this is called thermoregulation. If the body temperature starts to drop towards becoming hypothermic body will react to return the body to homeostasis. First, the temperature receptors in the skin detect the

The scientific, medical explanation about hyperthermia is that thermal regulation centers around the brain help to maintain the internal body temperature by adjusting the amount of salts in perspiration. Electrolytes help the cells in body tissues maintain water balance. In hot weather, a healthy body will lose enough water to cool the body while creating the lowest level of electrolyte imbalance. If the body loses too much salt and fluid, symptoms of dehydration will occur. The healthy human body keeps a steady temperature of 37 degree Celsius, in hot weather, the body perspires. As perspiration evaporates from the skin, the body is cooled, then the thermal regulating system in the brain helps the body adapt to high temperature.

Homeostasis is a key concept in biology. As stated by Bright Hub, 2014 “Homeostasis in a general sense refers to stability, balance and equilibrium.” It is a process by which the internal conditions of living organisms remain constant, or within a normal range, regardless of their external environment (Dummies.com, 2014. Homeostasis is controlled by a specific section of the brain called the hypothalamus (msichicago.org, 2014). The hypothalamus is comprised of neurons that form the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system, which play a focal role in regulating a person’s internal temperature, hunger and thirst, blood pressure, and daily circadian rhythms (msichicago.org, 2014).

It starts off with the hypothalamus gland, which is located near the center of the brain. It receives chemical and nervous signals regarding 4 of the 5 senses being sight, sound, taste and smell, as well as the body’s temperature, blood glucose levels, and the body’s balance of salt water. Furthermore, it also helps to control hunger and thirst, and takes part in the reproductive system. The hypothalamus also controls the pituitary gland.

Humans are endotherms and their physiological thermoregulatory responses are controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain. The hypothalamus receives information from both receptors in the hypothalamus that monitor core body temperature, and receptors in the skin which register external temperature. This information allows the hypothalamus to regulate body temperature.

The normal body temperature of the average person is 96.2° - 99.4° F. The hypothalamus regulates the body temperature. The production of body heat is by metabolic chemical reaction and skeletal muscle tone and contraction. Chemical thermogenesis is the heat-producing mechanism in the body. A fever causes the hypothalamus to reset its internal thermostat. This change causes the hypothalamus to set a “higher level in response to endogenous or exogenous pyrogens” (Huether 331). When an individual has a fever the thermoregulatory mechanisms adjust heat production, conservation, and loss to maintain core body temperature to compensate for the increase in temperature. This higher temperature acts as a new set point for the hypothalamus.

This regulation is achieved via the stimulus (for example a reduced body temperature) signalling a receptor cell of the body, which signals the control centre – hypothalamus; which determines the set point of the body temperature variable and can determine an adequate response. An increased production of heat, would respond to this output via increasing the rate of which some of the bodies energy supplies; ATP and glucose are metabolised to generate body heat and maintain homeostasis within the body via shivering and other mechanisms to generate heat and bring the body back to its ideal

For hot and cold, if the temperature is hot our body is releasing sweat which gives us cooling effect. The blood vessels in the skin becomes broader to increase the blood flow in our skin and

Since the Hypothalamus is sensitive to the temperature of the surrounding blood begins a chemical reaction, triggering the sweat glands, allows the body release heat, thus cooling it back down to the preferred temp of 98 degrees. Regarding emotional stress, the Hypothalamus plays as vital role in acting on the pituitary gland. The athlete may lose sexual desire, appetite, and have hormone

The nervous system helps maintain homeostasis by controlling and regulating the other parts of the body. A deviation from a normal set point act as a stimulus to a receptor, which sends nerve impulses to a regulating center in the brain. For example, “breathing is involuntary, the nervous system ensures that the body is getting much needed oxygen through breathing the appropriate amount of oxygen.” This shows that the nervous system plays a role in making sure that the breathing patterns of a human stays constant in order to maintain homeostasis. This system is the control center of the human body. The Control center sets the range of value to be maintained and is made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. The nervous system is important to the human body because its an organ system in charge of sending messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to and from all parts of the body. What helps send these messages are nerves, one or more bundles of fibers forming part of a system that conveys impulses of sensation, motion, etc, between the brain or spinal cord and other parts of the body. Nerves act as highways to carry signals between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. The Central Nervous system is the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body, it consists of two parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is arguably the most important organ in the human body. It controls and coordinates actions and reactions, allows us to think and feel enables us to have memories and feelings- all the things that makes us human. Three main parts of the brain is the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain. The Forebrain consists of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus, The Midbrain consists of the tectum and tegmentum, The Hindbrain is made of the cerebrum, pons and medulla, brainstem.

The hypothalamus is a small cone-shaped structure (Benson, 2016); it is a portion of the brain containing a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. The hypothalamus has considerable functions of linking the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland also called hypophysis. The location of the hypothalamus is directly below the thalamus and is part of the limbic system (Benson, 2016). In the human body, the hypothalamus controls some of the metabolic processes including some other activities of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). All vertebrate brain contain a hypothalamus. The most significant effect of injuries to or abnormalities in the hypothalamus on behavior are the changes in the individual’s digestive

The hypothalamus is the bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system. In terms of the nervous system, the hypothalamus is involved as it receives information from different parts of the nervous system. The hypothalamus is responsible for maintaining homeostasis, including the controlling regulation for body temperature, thirst, and blood pressure. For example the hypothalamus acts as a thermometer for the body (temperature of blood passing hypothalamus acts as thermometer), and in response it stimulates sweating or vasodilation to cool down. Whereas an endocrine organ, the hypothalamus is involved with the pituitary gland. Hormones such as Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, anti-diuretic hormone or corticotrophin hormone are all secreted by the hypothalamus. The release of hormones means it may lead to inhibiting or releasing hormone from the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is able to work things between the anterior and posterior pituitary due to