Review of Essential Terms and Concepts
CIS-300
1. The word bit is a contraction for what two words?
Binary digit
2. Explain how the terms bit, byte, nibble, and word are related.
A bit is one digit, a nibble consists of four bits, and a byte consists of eight bits, while a word consists of two or more adjacent its.
3. Why are binary and decimal called positional numbering systems?
Each position in a number of is weighted by a power of the radix
4. Explain how base 2, base 8, and base 16 are related.
Base 2 each bit stands on its own example 1011011111
Base 8 you divide 1011011111 into groups of 3 Example 001-011-011-111
Base 16 you divide 1011011111 into groups of 4 Example 0010-1101-1111
5. What is a radix?
In
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12. With reference to the previous question, what are the drawbacks of the other two conversion methods?
Using the double-dabble method does not require remembering several different rules such as what signed to use and which number to add or subtract from, it is straightforward math.
13. What is overflow and how can it be detected? How does overflow in unsigned numbers differ from overflow in signed numbers?
Overflow is when you have a carryover of a number, thus giving the wrong sign example causing two numbers to be added together, giving the result a negative number. It can be detected by simply knowing if the carry into signed bit equals the carry out signed bit, no overflow has occurred in unsigned numbers. We know they are positive so overflow does not change this, it will always remain positive, while in signed numbers. This overflow, unless programmed correctly, could change the entire outcome of the intended result.
14. If a computer is capable only of manipulating and storing integers, what difficulties present themselves? How are these difficulties overcome?
Should the programmer of the system not take appropriate measures to check all be code written for a specific program, mathematical calculations could produce in accurate results. Difficulties like these be overcome by checking all programs and having other programmers and users test the system prior to deployment.
15. What are the goals of Booth’s algorithm?
To increase
9. Write a line of code that initializes the double precision variable bankBalance to 136.05.
while (n>10) // checks that value of n does not exceed max allowed array size
Order of operators still confusing to me and I got to focus in understanding it better.
Number is represented using the hexadecimal system. This system is a way to condense binary into smaller and more easy to work with pieces. There for every number has a hexadecimal code. The hexadecimal code for 589 is 24D. By doing this large numbers are
4. (TCO 2) If a variable holds the value 12345, what is its data type?
Overflow occurs when the two numbers of similar signs are added together and a result with an opposite sign is produced.
A bit is a single number or a single value which can be either 0 or 1 and this value is represent the digital information. A byte is a sequence of bits; like a sequence of digital information, usually eight bits equals to one byte.
The above code will not result in a forever loop.since it breaks out of the loop as is mentioned.this feature isn’t available in c and c++ instead they use the goto statement to come out of the loop lets see an example
A buffer overflow attack is done by deliberately entering more data than a program was written to handle. Buffer overflow attacks exploit a lack of boundary checking on the size of input being stored in a buffer. The extra data will overflow the memory set aside to accept it and overwrite another region of memory that was meant to hold some of the program’s instructions. The effect is a cascade, which can eventually halt the application or the system it is running on. The newly introduced values can be new instructions, which could give the attacker control of the target computer depending on what was input. Just about every system is vulnerable to buffer overflows. For example, if a hacker sends an email to a Microsoft Outlook user using an address that is longer than 256 characters, he will force the buffer to overflow. The recipient wouldn’t even have to open the e-mail for this type of attack to be successful; the attack is successful as soon as the message is downloaded from the server. Microsoft quickly released a patch for this issue after it was discovered in October 2000 (James C. Foster, 2005)
Today’s nursing profession encompasses a variety of specialties and disciplines that demonstrate a wide range of phenomena. According to McEwin and Willis, in clinical practice, those phenomenon that are frequently seen aid advanced practice nurses in developing interventions and clinical protocols because they are said to be stable and reliable components of the practical nursing experience (McEwin & Willis, 2011, p. 47). The observed phenomena may or may not have had research studies associated with them in the past to concretely define them, and
The integers are stored in a queue by a driver. In particular, the following code must compile error free and execute correctly on your implementation. You should implement your own generic Queue class. If you borrow code from elsewhere, cite your sources.
In Today’s era mostly all electronic devices use Binary Digital Logic Circuits. These circuits consist of two possible outputs, mostly used terms are “TRUE/FALSE”, or “ONE/ZERO.” Such an output is called a Binary Digit, or a bit. The
The Pentium bug or Pentium FDIV bug was a computer arithmetic bug that affected the floating point unit (FPU) instruction set of
The Figure.3.6 shows the implementation 8x8 modified booth multiplier using High Performance Multiplier (HPM) reduction method [4]. The modified booth algorithm is a predominant high performance multiplier which has low number of partial products row. The generation of these partial products is quite complex to implement in hardware. So in this work has used a straight forward way of implementing a Signed and Unsigned Multiplication using Baugh-Wooley Algorithm with HPM reduction tree method. Baugh-Wooley Multiplier with HPM reduction tree is discussed in Chapter Six.
According to Monday Shift 1 (00:00 to 08:00), the lower limit is 69.23 hence the numbers that are below 69.23, are becoming out of control. And the upper limit is 71.91, so the numbers which are above 71.91, become out of control due