Rheumatic Aortic Technique Lab Report

The flow of blood through the heart is controlled by four valves. If any are not working correctly, blood cannot flow or be pumped effectively to the heart. The four valves are: the tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, mitral, and aortic semilunar. There are many abnormalities or defects that can affect their operation and in this paper, I will discuss the most common one which is a “mitral valve prolapse.” A valvular prolapse is an abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that causes the valve to not close completely. It is also known as “click murmur syndrome” and “Barlow’s syndrome” and is more prevalent in women than men. It has a strong hereditary

the mitral valve 16 months ago and a Streptococcus mutans infection of the aortic valve 1 month ago.

It was established that the patient’s symptoms were due to an aortic regurgitation this was confirmed by echocardiogram. The use of the SOAPIER model is an effective means of providing rationale for a holistic clinical decision making. The findings and treatment options were discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting including Mr Jones and family. The family were informed that surgery was the safest treatment option. Complications that could happen with or without surgery were also explained ensuring that the patient had adequate understanding to make a valid choice about his treatment. Mr Jones agreed that a replacement of the aortic valve with a mechanical valve was necessary, thus it last for more than twenty years or more . Mr Jones

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was first characterized by Barlow and Bosman in the 1960s.(Barlow and Bosman) It was first called Barlow’s Syndrome before being called mitral valve prolapse by Criley (Barlow and Bosman),(Criley et al.). Barlow’s syndrome was diagnosed by electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and chest X-ray.3 The mitral valve apparatus includes tow leaflets, chordae tendineae, anulus, left atrium, papillary muscles and left ventricular wall (Devereux et al.). Mitral valve prolapse involves the leaflets, chordae, annulus and left ventricular wall.(Devereux et al.) The anterior leaflet is relatively long and semi-circular, while the posterior leaflet is shorter in normal patients.(Irvine et al.) Most commonly the posterior leaflet is affected.(Devereux et al.) During systole the leaflet balloons in to the left ventricle.(Devereux et al.) Physically, in a patient with mitral valve prolapse, the leaflet is displaced beyond the mitral anulus.(Levine et al.)

The blood clot can then travel through an artery and cause a heart attack or if it travels to the brain can cause a stroke. Mitral valve prolapse can also lead to shortness of breath and chest pain. Mitral valve prolapse can lead to infections of the heart or other areas of the body. Mitral valve prolapse is rarely deadly. (American Heart Association, 2013)

diagnosed with an irregular sized heart and mitral valve prolapse, which would have to be monitored

Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is also knows as Barlow’s Syndrome or Click Murmur Syndrome and it affects about 2-6% of the United States population. While Mitral Valve Prolapse is one of the most common heart valve abnormality that can develop in any person at any age. It is usually not life-threatening and the patient might not even have symptoms. A patient might feel symptoms such as Fatigue, chest pain, or palpitations, which will cause a doctor to run tests such as an echocardiogram; causing a detection and confirmation of the Mitral valve prolapse. The MVP abnormality is caused when one or both of the mitral valve flaps are enlarged or have extra tissue. Causing the valve leaflets to not close correctly and allow leakage of blood back into

Remaining details regarding the surgery will be presented by Dr. Mark Davidson (Cardiovascular surgeon) and DR. Peter Andrews.

The main issue is the aorta which is the main artery can increasingly enlarge and lead to a dissection which is when the aorta erupts and that can lead to death. About forty percent of people with marfan syndrome that have an aorta that erupts will die immediately. Even if you have surgery after the aorta dissects there is a ten to twenty percent chance you could die. Most people with this disorder should check that their aorta is not rapidly or increasingly growing. The normal size for an aorta is about an inch, if it gets bigger than 4.7 centimeters, then it would be a good idea to get surgery. Luckily, most people that have to have a non- emergency surgery have a 98% or greater chance of success. There are usually two types of surgery they can do to replace the aorta. The first one is the traditional method which is where they replace the aorta and put in graft and replace the aorta valve with a mechanical valve or the valve sparing method where the replace the aorta with a tube graft and re- implant the original valve. Surgery is very necessary for people with enlarged

The purpose of this paper is to analyze if there is any improvement, post-operative complications, mortality and related factors of elderly undergoing cardiac surgery. The debate whether or not we are pushing the limits is still questionable because of the complications associated with these invasive surgeries and whether or not if it’s a money game. The growing numbers of the elderly patients enjoy a prescription drug benefit, access to artificial knee and hip surgery, and life-saving cardiovascular interventions that were undreamed of a half-century ago.

Surgical intervention is presently the only effective method of treating AAAs. The risk of surgical repair is outweighed by the risk of aneurysm rupture or aneurysm related death. Patients

My clinical observation took place at Christus Trinity Mother Frances Hospital in Tyler, Texas involving a mini mitral valve replacement procedure. This location is not a teaching institution, therefore there are no clinical instructors nor students. The acting perfusionist in the procedure was Darell Miller under the direction of cardiothoracic surgeon Neeland Doolabh M.D.

Precise measurements of aortic valve stenosis are fundamental in determining whether or not an aortic valve replacement is necessary when managing patients with aortic stenosis. Doppler echocardiography is used to evaluate the progression of aortic stenosis, however, this imaging technique involves certain limitations. One of the limitations, is determining which parameter to use when evaluating the severity of aortic stenosis. There are four parameters used: transvalvular gradient, aortic valve area, peak aortic jet velocity and multidetector computed tomography; each parameter have their own advantages and disadvantages. Another limitation, is determining which modality to use when a single parameter is the cause of inaccurate grading of

The main treatment option for AAA is to eliminate the aneurysm wall from the systemic pressure to prevent further bulging of the AAA, using a vascular graft. In open surgery, a graft is sealed to the healthy part of the aorta by transabdominal surgery. Open surgery has a 30-day mortality rate of around 5% [greenhalgh et al 2004 from T] Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is an alternative treatment option to open surgery, it is a minimal invasive surgery whereby a stent graft is placed in the AAA through a small incision in the groin area. It has a

In a heart that functions normally, blood flows between the various chambers through valves that open and close in such a way that it keeps the blood flowing in the right direction. When these valves fail to operate properly, it can cause blood to flow backward into places it has already been. Tricuspid valve regurgitation is a type of tricuspid valve disease that results in exactly this. The tricuspid valve, which sits between the right chambers of the heart, does not close all the way, allowing blood to flow back into the right atrium instead of keeping it in the right ventricle.