Robert Kagan Research Paper

Weber’s second solution is “Restoring the Balance.” Weber explains that the United States continues “dissuading potential competitors from challenging the United States, its allies and partners.” In other words “More American power is always better.” George Kennan brought this problem to the world’s attention in the 1940’s, when he suggested a European country rise to restrain the

David Jon Kassan means by saying “drawing the eye without drawing the eye” that he doesn’t start drawing the eyes with lines. Instead, he starts the eye with dark shadows of the eye to set the shape of the eye. I think the process of going from basic to the specific details is an interesting way to draw the eye. Using charcoals, in general, is challenging because it’s not easy to lighten an area once the area is dark. For example, when I use charcoal I start first with the dark areas or shadows and after that, I go to the lighter area of the figure. David Kassan used a white chalk pencil that helped him with the lighter details which helped his because the pencil was not powdery so it did not smudge. I think the process worked nicely for him

Mehigan, Joshua. "215. Fire Safety: Joshua Mehigan." Middle School Poetry 180. Joshua Mehigan, 29 Jan. 2015. Web. 28 Oct. 2016.

In fact, while the distinctive ideologies and religious groups still exist, the clear boundaries of different civilizations characterized by Huntington have blurred. When this dichotomy to recognize the world as direct confrontations between ideology and culture groups becomes no longer valid, the theory of the inevitability of the clash of civilization, thus, are now flawed, because it is realistically unreasonable, ethically wrong, conceptually biased and historically inaccurate. These problems regarding the clash of civilizations embody a misleading western supremacy shown in Bush’s speech as well as the war on terror on a larger

Elena Kagan is currently an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. She was born on April 28, 1960 in New York City, New York, to Robert and Gloria Kagan (which makes her 56 years old today). Kagan is somewhat heavyset and on the shorter side- she stands about 5 feet and 3 inches tall. Her face appears friendly, with a medium skin tone, wide set, dark brown eyes, rosy cheeks, and medium brown hair cut to her chin. She is also known for wearing pearl or gemstone earrings and colorful pantsuits.

The civilizations, as identified by Huntington are Sinic [Chinese or Confusious], Japanese, Hindu, Islamic, Orthodox [Russian], Western [Europe, North American, Australia, New Zealand], Latin American and possibly African. And it is among these groups that share a “common interest and common values” and have a “common culture or civilization” that will lead to more interdependence on members of the same civilization and less dependent on the West. Huntington’s theory is that the West has had [at one time or another] a negative impact on every other civilization, and this has led to a decline of power and influence around the world, especially the Islam civilization. Therefore he predicts, “the fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future.”

Even though realism finds itself deeply rooted in a utilitarian moral framework, critics arise as to such an outlook remains immoral (it is wrong to apply) at best. A major opponent theory is liberalism. Dismissing that conflicts are inevitable, liberals uphold that the spread of legitimate domestic political orders will eventually bring an end to international conflicts.[ Scott Burchill, “Liberalism” in Theories of International Relations, ed. Scott Burchill (New York: Palgrave, 2001), 35.] This approach involves embedding notions of democracy, human rights, and free trade. As a result, states will avoid ideology clashes and a universal state will emerge. Liberals might repudiate realism on its utilitarian ground: its consequential nature and lack of universal moral code. In this section, I will defend realism against some liberal criticism.

Elena Kagan was born on April 28, 1960, in New York City. She the daughter of an elementary school teacher, and a housing attorney; this where her interest for academic and law first developed. As an adolescent Elena Kagan attended Hunter College High School, and then later on attended Princeton University in 1977. While at Princeton she majored in History and graduated summa cum laude in 1981, she then attended Worchester College in Oxford, England where she earned her master’s degree in philosophy in 1983. After graduating form Worchester College in Oxford, England, she attended Harvard Law School where she graduated magna cum laude in 1986. Justice Kagan has accomplished a vast amount of achievements academically, after graduating law school

Each one of the claims will go onto support the overall issue that culture will cause the clash of civilizations. A great support Huntington uses is that no matter what we think of cultures each one is different in many ways. If its religion, language, or different historical backgrounds these will cause conflict to arise. With each civilization being different it can be hard to get along with other people because of how different their views might be. Another issue that arises is that not all, but many civilizations are influenced by the west. This is where the idea of westernization comes into play. Each community is trying to improve and be bigger and better themselves, they are trying to be better than their neighbors. If one civilization improves the surrounding groups will want to be the same. This means they will compete to be the same or even better than the civilization that already made it. This can lead to conflict and death between civilizations. Another reason is that when conflicts arise between civilizations it is a lot harder to resolve than a political or economical one. Like stated before it is very difficult to change someone’s beliefs, that means there is very little wiggle room for negotiation. The final example that Huntington writes about is that the economic regionalism is increasing. This means that more cultures and civilization are trading between themselves, but

More so than that, Huntington was writing during a time when the United States was the world’s only military superpower which lead to the idea that America should take the lead in establishing the “new world order”, one which would be dominated by the United States and their allies. Because of this, American diplomats and officials were faced with regional, religious and ethnic conflicts that, as Huntington argues, could not be easily solved. During this time the United States were making major decisions about the layout and status of the new world order. It becomes clear that Huntington would believe future conflicts would arise from cultural differences due to previous cultural clashes and that the most powerful country in the world, the United States, was also unable to create solutions for conflicts fueled by cultural differences.

However, Kagan then argues against using these concepts all the time. He states that “soft power has its limits.” US can be popular and loved and then be hated throughout the world, however US military power dominance is always a constant means to keep international order. People hated the US during the Vietnam era, nut the countries that rely on the US for security will overlook their people’s hatred for the U.S. dominance in favor of keeping the alliance that protects them from threatening neighbors.(2) The international order depends on U.S. military not its popularity, economy, or other means. The ability to use diplomacy to pursue peace is also impeded if there is no commitment to defense spending. Congress’s refusal to commit military power to defense of peace limited President’s Wilson ability to shape peace and put in place the League of Nations. (2) Thus, the concepts of idealism, soft power and international order, cannot be relied on all the time.

In Samuel P. Huntington’s article “The West: Unique, Not Universal,” he addresses his audience with a very controversial question: Is Western Culture universal or unique? Huntington elaborately opens up this question with research and examples to explain and persuade readers that the West will never be a universal culture for all, but rather a unique culture that will be accepted by those who appreciate it. For decades now, historians and scholars have debated with one another to determine who is right and wrong. However, from a handful of articles from different scholars, Samuel Huntington’s statement that the West is unique rather than universal is supported and even further elaborated on by these particular sources. A common understanding between all the sources, that must be noted, is that a civilization’s culture is not comprised of material goods but rather their culmination of their religion(s), values, language(s) and traditions. While although there are scholars out their that negate the West is unique, a large amount of scholars still argue and strengthen Huntington’s argument that the West has unique and exclusive characteristics that make them distinctive and rare.

Samuel Huntington sees an emerging world organized on the basis of "civilizations". Societies that share cultural affinities cooperate with each other and the efforts to force a society into another civilization will fail; countries gather around the leading States of their civilization. This description of the process of new structures of international relations that Huntington sees developing, leads him to consider that the greatest risks of violence and confrontation lie in the Westerns’ claims to universality, which are leading them to increasingly get into conflict with other civilizations, particularly Islam and China; local conflicts, especially between Muslims and non-Muslims, generate new alliances and lead to an escalation of violence, which will usually lead the dominant states to make an attempt to stop them.

We are going to consider Huntington and Habyarimana again in terms of this statement as well. Huntington considers primordialism to be the only approach in describing conflict among groups and therefore believes that at the macro level, different groups will compete for military powers and at the micro level violence and partitioning is the only real resolve. Huntington adversely dedicates two pages to describing the kin-country syndrome, which points out the importance of gaining allies within your culture. Although this may seem as though he is being contradictory, he is furthering his idea of primordialism and that if there is a cultural difference, it cannot cohabitate within any borders. Huntington concludes his article by explaining “the next world war, if there is one, will be a war between civilizations”(Huntington, 404). In essence Huntington pushes forward the idea that although people will coordinate to work together within countries, if there are any cultural differences, internal conflict will turn violent. Huntington believes that violence and partitioning is the only resolution for internal cultural conflict. In conjunction with Huntington, the textbook gives case studies of genocide in Rwanda, and internal turmoil in Nigeria. In both of these cases we see conflict within a single country due to different identity groups, formed for different reasons. Before we consider the other side of this

Samuel Huntington, the author of the clash of the civilisations believes that the World will eventually divide in accordance with cultural lines, and not political lines. According to Huntington, “the thriving East Asian and Muslim societies will soon challenge Western dominance, and the United States being the World leader will need to reevaluate its policies on foreign invention and domestic immigration to remain a major player.” During the Cold War, the world was divided into the First, Second and Third Worlds. Huntington views these ties as insignificant now and states that the remaking of the World order will be based upon cultural similarity. The different thriving civilisations according to him today are the Western civilisation comprising of North America and Western Europe, the Muslim civilisation, the Orthodox Civilisation led by Russia, the Chinese civilisation, the Hindu civilisation, the Japanese civilisation, the Latin American civilisation and the African civilisation. Huntington’s proposition of the division of the World according to cultural lines has been backed by the use of various examples by him; examples of events that have taken place in the past.