Role of Women in the Social Transformation of England
The traditional idea of movement that changes the world is global movement: the explorers and adventurers that sailed around the world, the people who moved and colonized new lands. Michael Adas in Machines as the Measure of Men stated that the ideas that drove the European colonization were the "products of male ingenuity and male artifice" (14). Most of the exploration and first colonization was done by men. It would not have been socially correct for women. But women did have an integral role in other processes, mainly in the social transformation of countries. While men set up the first connections and created global trading, small changes were happening with in countries.
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Wool was not as comfortable as linen, which is made from flax. Also, flax could be grown in England, which kept the first step entirely contained within the country. The next step was to dye the flax, which could be done in the same location as the flax was grown. Then it had to be spun into thread and then woven into cloth which could be used for clothing.
This process had a bottle neck however: the step that took the most time was the spinning, directly in the center of the flow of production. It took eight spinners to keep one weaver in business, and therefore the English producers focused on making this one of the biggest sections of the industry. In order to do this, they found a new sector of the economy: the women and children. As women and children were two previously unexploited work forces, the shift towards using them as labor created a shift in the entire culture.
Factories were set up to provide a work space for the production of cloth. These mostly occurred as a place of child labor: many orphanages set themselves up as linen factories. Women also entered the work force in factories, but that was not the only way. In order for many women to get involved, it had to become acceptable within society. Because of this, women began to spin in their own homes and the homes of their neighbors as well. This was the beginning of the spinning bee: women were encouraged to visit each other, spinning and talking to each other. Working together was a
Industrialization took place earlier in the western countries than the other parts of the world. Through the introduction of machines that made work easier in the industries, employment was no longer a man’s thing and women found an opportunity to work (Carlin 318). The revolution created a shortage in labor and textile factories absorbed young single ladies from the rural areas. The
In John Osborne 's 1956 piece, Look Back in Anger, housewife Alison Porter is faced with the difficult decision of remaining in a toxic marriage or returning to live with her parents. Indeed, Alison is the archetype of the 1950s British woman, as depicted in both academic and popular discourse—meek, miserable and resigned to her fate as mother and housewife. While such a paradigm of the 1950s woman has long remained unchallenged, historians have begun to suggest that this stereotype is inaccurate and misleading, and overlooks the complexity of female gender roles during Britain of this era. When reviewing the literature on this topic, what emerges as a clear point of tension between academics is whether the 1950s was a static or a dynamic
Textile mills grew because of new inventions that would make the product and people willing to work for a living. In the 1790’s, Samuel Slater built the first factory in Rhode Island, which had a machine that could spin thread and yarn. This allowed an increase in the New England area of spinning mills. In Lowell, Massachusetts, factories were created on the Merrimack River combining all parts of cloth production, such as combing, spinning, shrinking, weaving, and dyeing (Roark, 262). This also brought the change in the workforce by using girls as employees. These young women would work at the mill until they got married, and replacements were always
As the industrial revolution began in semi-rural locations, its labor force was drawn primarily from young, unmarried women, frequently daughters of local farmers.
They seeked to work with men in various different trades, professions. and commerce [Document 7]. In addition to women changing the American industrial landscape, manufacturing revolutionized it. At the beginning of the time period, artisanship was mainly how people manufactured goods. They would use their skill from the comfort of their home, with their family [Document 5]. Rising out of innovation, however, was the birth of large manufacturing plants [Document 5]. This produced a cheaper, and faster way to manufacture products; at the expense of weaker, more limited and dependent workers [Document 2]. With this new work class coming to lead the American industrial system, it increased inequality between the worker, and the
In pre-Industrial Revolution America and Britain, women and girls performed much of the labor necessary for the survival for the small household, including the manufacture of yarn, cloth, candles, and food. By 1790, the availability of water-powered machinery such as spinning frames and carding machines enabled industrial magnates to substitute power tools for women's hand labor in the manufacture of cloth. Similar inventions made homemade candles, jellies, and similar labor-intensive products obsolete.
use of fighting for a vote if we have not got a country to vote in?"
During the early 1800's women were stuck in the Cult of Domesticity. Women had been issued roles as the moral keepers for societies as well as the nonworking house-wives for families. Also, women were considered unequal to their male companions legally and socially. However, women’s efforts during the 1800’s were effective in challenging traditional intellectual, social, economical, and political attitudes about a women’s place in society.
The roles Anglo-Saxon women played in their society depended on the status they had in their community. As in most cultures, the roles of women in Anglo-Saxon society included mother, wife, caregiver, and teacher. Because Anglo-Saxon women had many different roles, I will only focus here on marriage, divorce, and their daily life in their society.
Modernism is the term of deviating from the norm. In the early 1900s, modernism influenced women’s role in society by providing more opportunities, jobs, and role models for girls today, in society.
Women have pushed forward in the struggle for equality. Today women are staples in the professional world. More women are attending college than men as proved in recent studies. Women have outnumbered men on college campuses since 1979, and on graduate school campuses since 1984. More American women than men have received bachelor's degrees every year since 1982. Even here on Haverford's campus, the Admissions Office received more applications from women for early decision candidacy than men for the eighth straight year. The wage gap is slowly decreasing and the fight for proper day care services along with insurance coverage for birth control pills are passionate issues for women across America.
The Industrial Revolution was an age of mechanization—businesses were moving away from completing tasks by hand, and instead were moving towards utilizing specialized equipment. Many of these machines were, as stated by Deborah Simonton in her book A History of European Women’s Work, “built to be operated by people with the hands, height, and weight of an average male (144 Simonton).” Spinning was one such occupation that was mechanized, and in her book Gender, Work, and Wages in the Industrial Revolution, Joyce Burnett states that “…before the arrival of machinery, spinning… employ[ed] all the women in certain areas. What had been a valued skill for most women suddenly became worthless as the jenny, water frame, and mule replaced hand spinning” (122 Burnette). Women who had once been employed were forced from their work as machines took over that were only operable by men, and this often left them without adequate means to support themselves or their families.
It would be a huge understatement to say that many things have changed when it comes to women's rights, positions, and roles in our society today since the 19th century. Actually, very few similarities remain. Certain family values, such as specific aspects of domesticity and performance of family duties are amongst the only similarities still present.
The women's rights movement is a good example of how women have come across very strongly, fighting for their political, social and economical status. I feel that technology and modernization have also opened new possibilities for improvement around the world.
Since the beginning of the 1800's, women had been fighting for the rights that they wanted. Women should be able to vote, control their own property and income, and they should have access to higher education and professional jobs. Women also had many roles in society. Women had very important parts in jobs as they took up more responsibilities. Girls, young ladies, and women of all ages were working harder to bring home income. Most women thought the pay and the conditions were unfair. These arguments grew as women fought more and more for social equality.