Scarlet Fever Research Paper

In this chapter it talks about how Catherine LeMaigre was dying, and dying horribly and painfully. The two physicians sent for their esteemed colleague Dr. Benjamin Rush. They were trying to find out if they could stop the plague from spreading.

Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, as the country grew and trade flourished, periodic epidemics struck regions of the nation as population density increased. Outbreaks of influenza, cholera took over the nation, and in the south, one of the most prevalent was yellow fever. Due to these diseases, a lot of public health policies were either created or changed to better suit the new issues arising. In this essay, I will argue that the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878 brought upon many changes in the health realm in terms of public sanitation. In order to prove the epidemic s place in the history of health policies, I will be discussing the creation of the new sewer system, waste disposal techniques, and other projects created.

The 1878 yellow fever epidemic in Memphis proved to be fatal, killing almost all who got infected. The disease traveled up from New Orleans infecting and killing many on its way. Memphis was going through reconstruction and was becoming the center for merchants and travelers. Furthermore, Memphis began to become overly populated only increasing the devastation that would be caused by the yellow fever. This was a confusing period were even medical professionals did not know where the disease came from or how they could to stop it. The epidemic caused panic and challenged the state government of Tennessee and made changes to it that are still in effect today.

Scarlet fever and diphtheria among many others were two of the most common diseases to effect children in the early part of the 1900s. Scarlet fever occurred mainly in those between the ages of 2 and 8, and was spread by droplets from carriers and affected individuals. Despite sore throat, headache, and fever, with red spots in the mouth and on the body, children would often continue to play with friends in the street and to mix with neighbours, thus allowing the disease to spread. Diphtheria was likewise highly contagious, generally affecting the throat but occasionally other mucous membranes and the skin.

Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection that causes a red rash on the skin. It is caused by a toxin producing organism called Streptococcus pyogenes. This organism is rarely seen in well developed countries. The age group it affects is typically six to twelve year olds, however; all age groups can have the infection. The modern form of scarlet fever “...in children is now causing toxic shock-like syndrome (TSLS), an acute and

Scarlet fever is a bacteria infection. The symptoms are a red rash on the body, fever, and a sore throat. It is an interesting fact that the same bacteria that causes strep throat causes scarlet fever. And I’m sure we’ve all had strep throat at some time! But in the past, scarlet fever killed mostly young children, nearly 95%, because children don’t have a strong immune system that is able to fight back against such a strong disease. There is no vaccine for scarlet fever but there are antibiotics to treat it. Also, improved hygiene such as washing hands frequently, and also better health care has stopped the disease from spreading and killing as it once did. However, many poor developing countries still struggle with with deadly

Due to the description of the disease, Scarlet fever seems to have been dated back almost 2,500 years even back to the time of Hippocrates. Supposedly there has been 3 major epidemics of Scarlet Fever. The first uncontested account of scarlet fever came in 1553 similar to measles, diphtheria and other rashes however some say it was seen as early as 430 B.C. Scarlet fever brought about a death rate then as high as one hundred and fifty out of one hundred thousand, which is a very morbid death rate.

In Nathanial Hawthorne’s famous standard of American literature, The Scarlett Letter, Hawthorne examines individual cases of sin occurring within society known for its intolerance of sin and strict religious principles, the Puritans. In The Scarlet Letter , each of the main characters, whether protagonist or antagonist, are guilty of a sin or form of “evil”. However, one character stands out from the rest. This character is guilty of the worst form of malice and evil in the entire book. His name is Roger Chillingworth. By reviewing his sinful actions, motivations and personality, as well as the different symbols Hawthorne creates to represent him, the true extent of Chillingworth's evil becomes apparent.

Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A streptococcus (GAS), is a β-hemolytic, Gram-positive bacterium that most commonly causes respiratory disease, including pharyngitis or tonsillitis, as well as skin infections such as impetigo and cellulitis. The organism is transmitted via respiratory droplets or by contact with fomites, and commonly infects young children. In addition to the common clinical presentations associated with S. pyogenes, some individuals develop the postinfectious sequelae of rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Due to the severity of these medical consequences, prophylactic antibiotic use is often recommended for any patients with otherwise mild S. pyogenes infections (21).

Streptococcus Pyogenes is a very diverse bacteria with effects ranging from nothing or a mild sore throat, to flesh eating disease, causing death in 40-60% of patients. The major and most common illnesses associated with this bacteria

Cultures are an effective way of guiding the Infectious Disease specialist to which antibiotics that are to be used to treat the patient with MRSA by looking at the type of strain that the patient has. The culture can also be tested for susceptibility to a variety of antibiotics. Surgery may be required to debride and drain the pus filled skin from the infected area, while antibiotics, such as vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, clindomycin (as well as many other sulfa drugs and tetracyclines) could be prescribed to help eradicate the infection. Some antibiotics that are used to treat MRSA are only available intravenously. Unfortunately, some high-powered antibiotics are developing resistance to MRSA infections. Because of this, Vancomycin is no longer a sure treatment for MRSA due to questions surrounding its effectiveness. Patients that are prescribed antibiotics should never stop taking their antibiotics, even if they are starting to feel better. These infections are extremely dormant and are prone to reoccur if they develop resistance to the

Streptococcus pyogenes is a very common bacteria found in humans. It is very transmissible and can be caught through the air via coughing or sneezing. This form of Strep. illness is referred to as Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as Strep. throat, which can complicate into Scarlet Fever. It is also possible to be infected through abrasions of the skin, which can result in cellulitis, impetigo, or even necrotizing fasciitis. Aside from human to human contact, these bacteria can also be found in unpasteurized milk. There is no vaccine for Streptococcal infections, though antibiotics such as penicillin still work very well against them.

One of the diseases that come from streptococcus is scarlet fever, which is a contagious disease caused by streptococci, and can be characterized by a scarlet eruption. Scarlet fever causes a rough sunburn-like rash over the face and upper body, and have a fever of 101-104 degrees F. Also, an individual with scarlet fever will develop a bright red, freckled, strawberry-like appearance on the tongue. Another type of streptococcal disease is strep throat. A person with strep throat suddenly develops a sore throat, and they usually have a fever and feel tired. That might be accompanied by chills, headache, muscle aches, swollen lymph glands, nausea, and tonsils will have red patches. Some more serious malfunctions occur when streptococcal diseases are left untreated. This can result in rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease, which are both life-threatening (Gale). Rheumatic fever is a serious disease characterized by fever, swelling and pain in joints, and sore throat. Rheumatic heart disease is damage to the heart as a result of rheumatic fever (Dictionary.com). Antibiotics like penicillin can help cure streptococcus, and antibiotics like tylenol, advil, or motrin can help reduce the pain and lower your fever (WebMD). If it is left untreated, your immune system will just keep shutting down, and can even result to

Patients with mild symptoms should rest, drink fluids, take pain relievers, and stay inside away from mosquitoes. If infected staying inside prevents other mosquitoes from getting the virus. However patient with severe symptoms may need oxygen administration, medicines to increase blood pressure, transfusion of blood, dialysis, or a breathing tube. All patients should stay away from Aspirin, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen because these may cause bleeding.

The release of two exotoxins from certain strains of S. aureus can lead to Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome (SSSS), which is characterized by blistering skin. Invasion into the body can lead to more serious health problems including pneumonia (a frequent complication of influenza), mastitis, phlebitis (inflammation of the veins), meningitis, and urinary tract infections. If the bacterium is allowed to colonize even deeper tissues more serious conditions such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis may result. The most serious consequences of these deeper tissue infections occur when the bacterium invades the bloodstream leading to septic shock and possibly death.