Keywords from the Aquatic Science & Fisheries Thesaurus: Environmental factors, Genetic diversity, Fjords, Marine fish, Marine Biodiversity, 1. Introduction
Marine environmental landscape parameters play an important role in promoting population genetic differentiation in marine organisms (Selkoe et al., 2008). Consequently, identifying environmental parameters that promote population genetic differentiation is a major focus of study in evolutionary biology (Selkoe et al., 2008). Most research on the effects of the environmental marine landscape on the genetics of population structure has been qualitative (e.g. Jørgensen et al., 2005; Galindo et al., 2006). However, this descriptive interpretation may not always be completely successful in identifying the factors that are responsible for the observed genetic structure of natural populations, and most importantly, they do not evaluate explicitly the environmental factors. In fact, few studies evaluate both: genetic and marine environmental data (Galindo et al., 2006). Manel et al. (2003) introduced the landscape genetic concept, which is able to explain spatial genetic patterns throughout landscape features (i.e. geographic, physic and chemical variables) and spatial statistics (Manel et al., 2003; Storfer et al., 2007). Although useful, most studies that used this approach have been performed in terrestrial organisms, leaving marine and freshwater organisms mostly unexplored (Storfer et al., 2010). Recently, concepts like
The post secondary goal i'm leaning towards but am not sure of yet is a marine biologist. With marine biology there is a lot of different things that this course will help me with. Like figuring out the word parts of the scientific names of different aquatic organisms or even just reading the names of the species. Also with being a marine biologist you'd have to write papers and reports to be able to show what you've discovered and what you know about them. Something else i'd like to along with marine biology is own my own facility where I can erase all types of fish and marine life. With this it helps me with being able to write things to talk with other people. Even this essay helps me with starting going after my goal. Im hoping with
It is our duty as humans to ensure the vitality of biodiversity in the world around us, because without biodiversity we could not survive. One of the main problems seen today is the loss of biodiversity in our oceans. Pavan Sukhdev of the UN Environmental Program was quoted as saying "We are in the situation where 40 years down the line we, effectively, are out of fish." (Save our Seas, 2014) Although this quote is both powerful and grim, this is only a future we could meet if we were to continue the mass commercial fishing of stock fish. An essential cornerstone to securing biodiversity, species protection is of the utmost importance when it comes to environmental issues. In the Pacific Northwest there are few species
A. Rus hoelze et al, studied the impact of intense hunting of Northern Elephant Seals in the late 19th century, whose genetic variation reduced due to this bottleneck. This reduced their population size to just about 20. They found that although it has since rebounded to over 30K now but compared to their southern counterparts i.e., Southern Elephant Seals they have much less genetic variation. The Southern Elephant Seals didn’t went through this bottleneck event. It is clear that the genes of Northern Elephant Seals still carrying the marks of this bottleneck.
The blue crab Callinectes sapidus is a wide-ranging, ecologically and economically important species along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico (GMx) coasts of North America. Consequently, its basic biology, life history, population genetics, and demography have been the subjects of numerous studies. For my dissertation research, I propose to focus on two critical areas concerning the ecology and evolution of blue crabs that have broader implications for our understanding of marine organisms with biphasic life cycles. For the first chapter I will investigate the unusual finding of extreme temporal and spatial variation in the genetic composition of settling blue crab larvae along the Texas coast. Since it was reported in 1993, this finding been
It is especially important to study and understand the characteristics of these oceanographic profiles, as it is this primary production that will have large impacts on species diversity and marine food web assemblages.
In addition to the founder effect, loss of habitat and the potential for gene flow may have resulted in the discrepancy between the observed heterozygosity in Area
Evaluation of microsatellite cross amplification for population genetic study of Caribbean Sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon porosus (Carcharhinidae) in Colombian Caribbean. The Caribbean sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon porosus is an important resource for artisanal small-scale fisheries. It is one of the most abundant coastal sharks within its distribution range, and plays an important role as a predator in coastal marine ecosystems. For its coastal habits, it is susceptible to intensive extraction, especially the juveniles. To accomplish proper management and conservation of exploited Rhizoprionodon populations, know the genetic diversity and the population structure within their distribution range is needed. The ability of heterologous primers
Onno Diekmann found six different species in Curacao’s coral reefs. The environmental changes around coral determines if the physical appearances are knobby, branched, or crust-formed reefs. Diekmann observed the corals and found that it was difficult to de determine the different species of coral. Four of the six species that he found were too genetically close to each other. Therefore the four coral species cannot be distinguished by their genetic material. The result of mixing of species of corals are likely to happen due to environmental changes. Onno Diekmann shows through this experiment that the coral can interbreed.
In this study we analyse the genetic variation between feral and domestic A. mellifera populations, within Brisbane Waters National Park, NSW, Australia (33°32'55.3"S 151°17'14.1"E). We aim to explore the degree of gene flow between the feral and commercial sub-populations. Hence, determining whether they are genetically
In this project, I examined the evolution of a duplicated genome in the family of fish, Catostomidae. To perform this research, a data set of 179 loci from various species within the group was obtained and phased for four alleles to take into account the tetraploidy of the group. Phylogenetic software was used to analyze the loci in order to determine which of them indicate divergent genomes. From these analysis, we found that divergence appears to be more common than conservation, and that the subfamily Ictiobinae is more frequently divergent than the subfamily Catostominae, agreeing with previous
Some marine species achieve great dispersal distances and range expansions with the assistance of floating propagules such as rafts, which provide habitat for the duration of their time afloat (Edgar 1987; Jokiel 1990; Helmuth et al. 1994; Thiel et al. 2005). The distance that propagules disperse may control the demographics of marine populations, in addition to governing the rates of colonization, range expansion, and genetic exchange(Kinlan et al. 2003; Donald et al. 2005). Biologists also speculate that passive rafting plays a key role in colonising isolated environments such as islands (Kinlan et al. 2003; Fraser et al. 2011), with many ‘non-dispersive’ coastal species incapable of reaching these locations independently (Jokiel 1990; Kinlan
Modern commercial whaling is continuously being over-exploited as whaling companies strive to maximize their profits despite international protest and a ban by the International Commission. Many various species of whales have been extinct, and the relatively few whales that remain are extremely vulnerable, and the factors that led to their over-exploitation in the past have not changed. Norway, one of the several countries involved in illegal whaling, has again refused to accept the international moratorium on whaling and has announced that its catch quotas for whales have risen. In 1995 Norwegian whales caught 217 whales out of a quota of 232. In 1996 the quota was 425. Now, on May 27, 1997 the whaling season will
There are two main international instruments concerning these topics which need to be discussed in details which are the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the 1982 UNCLOS) and the Convention on Biological Diversity. In the first one, it divides the ocean space into several zones both vertically and horizontally but for the purpose of the matters relating to bioprospecting and marine genetic resources, there are three specific parts of the 1982 UNCLOS relating with the activity of bioprospecting beyond national jurisdiction and the marine genetic resources in particular: the Area (Part XI), the High Seas (Part VII) and Marine Scientific Research
The estuarine ecology is a spawning pool for many coastal organisms. Both visiting and local species raise their young within the estuarine habitat. The habitat supports an enormous range of species, such as shellfish, crabs, marble worms, algae, mangroves, cockles and
From the beginning, the Group of 77 and China which can be called as a group of developing states take the perspective that marine genetic resources in the areas beyond national jurisdiction should also be considered as ‘resources’ as specified in Article 133 of the 1982 UNCLOS so they have to be govern by the common heritage of mankind regime while The G-77 reserved its position on an activity itself in bioprospecting of these resources in the Area. In the legal text, Article 133 states that ‘for the purposes of this part, resources mean all solid, liquid or gaseous mineral resources in the Area at or beneath the seabed, including polymetallic nodules’. Thus, it is left largely arguable as this provision does not refer to the living