Science, Religion, Politics And The Arts Of Modern Europe

Socially, the first middle class was developed in the North. With the industrial movement, there was less focus on slavery and more focused more on allowing individuals to work in factories that created a middle class. The South

After the post-war, the government set out to create jobs and rid communism. America was heading towards a capitalist society. At the time, the economy was booming and consumerism gave Americans a life of prosperity and leisure. Americans were able to purchase products only the wealthy could afford. Consumerism de-emphasized class difference and this created the middle class and the beginning of consumerism. The middle class is an important factor to the growth of the economy after the post war. However, the middle class is now fading away and the economy is starting to fall with it.

Then the craftsman , artisans, traders and even physicians were considered the middle class Last was the peasants, slaves and farmers

The first middle class character we are introduced to is the merchant. The merchant was a middle class man trying to live like he had lots of money. He spent money on clothes that he could not afford. He also borrowed lots of money and spent the borrowed money on clothes. He was a man of trade and was very good at his job. He did not need a high level of education for this job. He was also not a man of high power in politics due to his problem with borrowing money. He was looked down upon for this. Which is why he was thought less of by higher ranking people.

The middle class are usually positive people they have a work hard play hard attitude. If I were to label these consumers would considered to be reformers. Reformers are independent but spontaneous people. It's all about personal growth with them they value time and are anti materialistic but intolerant to poor taste but favor natural simplicity. These reformers also have prosperous lives and travel often for either business or pleasure. They like to look and feel good by enjoying life and working hard in the

This class, like the middle class, consists of sub-groups of people. These include the skilled, the semi-skilled and unskilled workers. Social mobility has, however, affected the number of people in this class. Many people born in this class have been able to rise to the middle class, and as a result, there exists a case of embourgeoisement.

The middle class ranges from high school diploma to college degrees with lots of diversity. Jobs have more security, benefits, time off paid, raises and promotions are more viable. Middle class people are professionals could be salespersons, administrative assistants, and chefs to name a few. Middle class people work with their children to teach values, rules, belong

At the time, the aristocracy was living on borrowed money and the labors of the lower classes. The middle class was becoming wealthy from its trade, manufacturing, banking, and contracting. The lower middle class consisted of tradesmen and laborers, with a few government officials.

The next class during the Victorian Era was known as the middle class. This was the class to which novelist H.G. Wells was a part of. The middle class consisted of factory owners, lawyers, engineers, merchants, traders and other professionals (Bishal, 2008). While the individuals within this class received more money and more rights as citizens, they were still considered to be of no importance compared to those of the higher class.

Next, I will explain the characteristics of the middle class while differentiating between the upper-middle class and lower-middle class. The main concept of the middle class is comfort. All of the middle class work hard to pursue and maintain that level of comfort in their lives. However, the middle class is separated into sections, the upper-middle class and lower-middle class, based upon different aspects on what people consider to be middle class. With the upper-middle class, they tend to have degrees in fields such as business, law, and medicine (Keirns, et al., 2015). They tend to stay towards jobs that will guarantee them a stable income in order to reinforce the concept of comfort that was mentioned before. They have nice homes and cars, and their children are

The middle class describes a person who uses their full potential to design individuality products for self-support. Unlike the ruling

First of all ; “Social is a set of concepts in the social sciences and political theory cantered on models of social stratification in which people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories”.(Andrew, 2001) There are three common stratum model ; upper class , middle class and lower class. These classes divided according to little concepts: upper class(wealthy and powerful) owns and controls production; a middle class is small business owners, and low-level directors and a lower class having low-paying wage jobs and rarely getting money but also having enough money to live . The upper class is the social class contains people who are rich or wellborn or both. The middle class also named Bourgeoisie is group of people in society who stay socio-economically between the lower and upper classes. However lower class are those people who employed in low-paying wage jobs also persons with low income.

Throughout the period dubbed the long century between 1685-1815. Scientific, political and philosophical understanding experienced a radical reconstruction. The venerable traditions of dogma and despotism began to be denounced and rebutted. Age-old political institutions became the focal point of intellectual discussion and the ideas developed from these debates formed the fundamental components of modern democracy and Communism. When discussing the Enlightenment, it is worthy to note that it did not occur in one geographical location in a short space of time, but more rather spanned across many countries such as Germany, England and France. The Enlightenment and its thinkers inspired revolutions in England, America and France, which marked the end of area that untimely gave way to Romanticism. Due to the vast assortment of philosophical ideas, this essay aims to portray the developments in political thought as a set of general strands of thought, as appose to precise theories. This essay can be seen as a discussion of the origins, nature and contested status of the most important strands of political thought spawned of this era with a consideration of the affects such ideas have had on the political organization of civilisations. As Skinner, Pocock and Collini noted, in order to understand the development of aforementioned ideas the context in which they were derived from must first be understood and related to contemporary conceptual paradigms and Ideological debate .

The bourgeoisie is a term used to refer to the middleclass in the social order. They comprise of nobles, capitalists, merchants, and employers of wage labor. The bourgeoisie are often monopolize the markets by encouraging consumerism and materialism in order to retain the status quo of wealth, economic, and political influence in the society. The origins of the bourgeoisie can be traced as far back as the 12th century in the medieval cities of Central and Western Europe that acted as trade and commerce centers. However, it was not until the late 16th and, early 17th century that the bourgeoisie formed mutually beneficial corporations. These were to counter the dominance of landowners and the aristocracy, who held divine privileges at the time. Although deemed as progressive for ousting the feudal system, the bourgeoisie became intransigent for their efforts in preventing the rise of the wage earners in order to preserve their newfound status. In the contemporary society, the bourgeoisie still does exist. This is observed from the glaring disparity between upper class and the working class. With the advent of technology and innovation in industry, a crop of wealthy individuals who influence economic and political trends in the world has emerged. They own large properties and operate business conglomerates that employ skilled individuals who are compensated for their labor.

Each century throughout the history of mankind has brought about a variety of changes based on the people, the circumstances, and the belief they are doing something right. Mankind has always wanted to make things right and solve problems which often leads to a change in every aspect of that specific century. The transition from the middle ages to the Renaissance drastically changed art, culture, and the common worldview. The middle ages were viewed in a negative connotation as far as art and music goes. It was a religious time, focusing on God above all else. The Renaissance brought about works of Michelangelo, Da Vinci, and Raphael. It gave rise to an appreciation of humanism and secularism, along with the renewal of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Causes of a shift to humanism- a system of thought attaching importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters- include the crusades, the immorality in the church, the black death, along with all other aspects that lead to the middle ages being called the dark ages. However, great things also came along as a result: Italian port cities grew wealthy during and after the crusades and people could afford to spend money on luxuries such as art and music. This mindset that allowed for luxury spread to the north, which (unlike the Italian Renaissance that focused mainly on secular views and idealism) lead to a fondness of portraits and paintings of landscapes. With this, came a new era of Europe; one of rebirth and