Seed Ergastic Substances Profiling and its Implications for the Amaranthaceae Chenopodiaceae Complex

The WC was only found in the B6 to the C10 indexes, which showed the middle stage. Also, the cactus found only in indexes C7 to D10 represented the late stage, or the “climax community”. We also found the CJ appearing in the early middle, showing the zone that it occurs in. The tall green leaf plant was found only during the early B stage, therefore, it must only survive in dry, sandy soil. In addition, we found some horse tails only in the A index, this represents a primary succession, whereas in index D, it may have been more of a secondary succession due to the soil being wetter and

Amaranth Collection is a women’s clothing store that is located in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Amaranth Collection specializes in apparels and jewelries. The jewelries they feature include necklaces, bracelets, earrings, and rings. They sell fashionable apparels such as beanies, tops, dresses, bottoms, scarves, accessories, and more. Amaranth Collection is a boutique that is making its name as one of the best in shopping in Tulsa, OK.

Targetes erecta, often referred to as the African or Aztec Marigold, is not only a lovely plant, but also holds many other functions. The functions include medicinal uses as well as decorative and ceremonial purposes. Its flower, the cempasúchil, is often used in the culinary arts and also holds traditional value in its native land. When discussing its classification, it is as follows; the kingdom is Plantae, the phylum is Tracheophyta, class is Magnoliopsida, order is Asterales, family is Asteraceae, the genus is Tagetes, and finally, the species is Tagetes erecta L (Plants Profile).

The evolutionary history of specie or a group of related species can be represented by a phylogenetic tree. Originally, phylogenetic trees connect species with possible ancestor based on morphology data such as the forms, shapes, or characters. But in recent, molecular data such as DNA sequences also provided another sources to determine common ancestry. How similar or agreeable are morphological-based phylogenetic tree and molecular-based phylogenetic tree? Here we show that they are almost different because they based on different sources. From same twelve living species, we built two phylogenetic trees, one based on their characters and one based on their molecular, and two tree show different stories about the evolutionary history. In molecular

According to the Penn State University, the newly sequenced genome of the Amborellaplant addresses Darwin’s “abominable mystery”. The genome sequence shed a new light to fully understand where flowers came from. Amborella is unique as the sole survivor of an ancient evolutionary lineage that traces back to the last ancestor of flowering plants. The plant is small understory tree found only on the main island of New Caledonia in the South Pacific. An effort to decipher the Amborella genome which is led by the scientist of this university, is uncovering evidence for the evolutionary processes that paved the way for the amazing diversity of more than 300,000 flowering plant species can found in our planet. Scientists who sequenced the amborella genome say that it provides conclusive evidence that the ancestor of all flowering plantsevolved following a “genome doubling event” that occurred about 200 million years ago.

The common land plants are thought to have originated 450-500 million years ago from a group of freshwater green algae called charophytes (Domozych). These algae emerged on land and thus spawned the first plants, bryophytes.

Four organisms closely related to the common dandelion are the Taraxacum albidium, a Japanese dandelion species, the Taraxacum californicum, more commonly known as the “California dandelion”, the Taraxacum erythrospermum, more commonly known as the “Red-seeded dandelion”, and the Taraxacum kok-saghyz, more commonly known as the “Rubber root dandelion”.

In the 18th century, Swedish Botanist Carolus Linnaeus arranged plants into orders of groups according to the

The plant P. paupercula, also known as Life Root or Balsam Ragwort, is a dwarf member of Alvar habitats reaching heights of two feet. The entire plant can be incredibly variable: basal leaves can range from medium to long petioled, and obovate to oblong or oblanceolate in shape. The margins are usually toothed with serrations that vary from lobed to pinnatified, and leaf apexes that are either blunt or tipped. Cauline leaves are individual to many, smaller, deeply serrated and partially to fully clasping the stem. P. paupercula is known for its pubescence, especially at the leaf axils. The golden inflorescence are capitate and more or less flat-topped. As summer comes into full swing, the petals can be seen falling off one by one until “poof” a pappus and achene are all that remains.

The word Metrosideros is derived from two Greek words –“metra” which means “core or heart”, and “sideron” which means “iron”. Thus, Metrosideros species are referred to as iron-hearted trees referring to the durability and hardness of their wood (Dawson & Stemmermann, 1990). The genus Metrosideros belongs to the family Myrtaceae which consists of around 135 genera and more than 3000 species. A substantial number of species of this family are found in Australia and South America while fewer species are found in Africa (Wilson, 1996). Metrosideros is a widely distributed genus with representatives in the Philippines, New Guinea, New Caledonia, New Zealand and many of the Pacific Islands but missing in Australia, Indonesia, or Micronesia (Wilson, 1996). One outgroup species, M.angustifolia, is also present in South Africa (Dawson, 1975).

Thus, in response to this great diversity in habitat, Eucalyptus has, through many generations, adapted and speciated to become one of the most diverse living groups on earth. The diversity of the genus lies not only in its shear number of species, but also in the various forms, features, and morphological characters it displays.

Paradisiacal normalis, M. sapien-tum and M. cavendishi as well as the length, width, and thickness of the leaf and the number, diameter, and tensile strength of leaf fibers. Samples were collected in Dampit, Wajak and Batu, Malang, Indonesia. Microscope slides used for anatomical observations were pre-pared using a semi-permanent method. The Retting method was applied to extract the fibers, and fiber strength was measured using a tensile strength tester. One way Anova and the Duncan test were used to establish the mean and other parameters of the dependent variables (length-, width-, thick-leaf; number-, diameter-, and tensile strength of fiber). The T-test (independent sample) was used to determine the mean diameter of fiber in adaxial and abaxial sites. The results showed that M. Brachycarpa had the highest number of fiber cells, a wider diameter fiber, and more adaxial fiber cells than the abaxial site. The diameter of fibers was 5 - 6 μm. M. sapietum had the longest and widest leaves and leaf thickness was highest in M. Paradisiaca. The tensile strength values ranged from 35 × 10−4 - 48 × 10−4 MPa. The tensile strength of the observed species did not differ

If asked, my friedns would probably say that I am most passionate about the subtle links between plants. On a near daily basis, I remind my friends that tobacco, tomatoes, and potatoes share a taxonomic family, just as the Balsa tree shares a family with the Marsh Mallow, the plant from which the fluffy treat of the same name was originally derived. Up until the end of the summer of 2016, a single Ginkgo biloba tree grew in front of my high school. It was cut down to make room for a larger entrance to the school. I was heartbroken; Ginkgos are my favorite tree. Ginkgos are not adapted to modern life at all. In fact, I consider Ginkgos to be the least adapted trees in the world, yet they still manage to capture my attention. As a species, Ginkgo biloba is more than 200 million years old, placing them well beyond the extinction of the dinosaurs. Ginkgos make no effort to hide this age either. From afar, Ginkgos look like ordinary trees, but upon closer inspection, the hints of primordiality linger. For example, the leaves of the Ginkgo are nothing like the leaves of other trees. Gingko leaves are fan-shaped with a small cleft at the end of the leaf, giving it two “lobes,” from which the name “biloba” is derived. A closer look at the leaves reveals a more mysterious adaptation, or lack thereof. Modern trees have leaves composed of a central vein that branches off into hundreds of smaller lateral veins, which also branch off into thousands of smaller veins. These veins allow the

In addition, A. malaccensis is in the family Thymelacaeaceae where it is one of 15 tree species in the genus Aquilaria. This species can be found in South and Southeast Asia which includes Malaysia, Indonesia,

For the clarification of the candidate species status, detailed phylogenetic analyses was performed and a 16S and COI divergence survey were conducted for each family using 16S and COI data from the DNA database data. Among the examined family, it was observed that for 16S rRNA based phylogenetic tree all the members formed clade according to their taxonomy. Only