Selective Perception Bias

Decision making biases played a devastating role in the Deepwater Disaster. The biases that were present are; representativeness heuristic, overconfidence bias, confirmation bias and escalation of commitment bias. Based on my findings, to some extent, each of the following biases contributed to the Deepwater Disaster.

Implicit bias plays a significant role in today’s society, whether the members realize it or not. The online Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy says,” ‘Implicit bias’ is a term of art referring to a relatively unconscious and relatively automatic features of prejudiced judgement and social behavior” (Brownstein 2015). Implicit biases are often based on stereotypes. Stereotypes, as defined by OpenStax, are “oversimplified ideas about groups of people” (OpenStax College 2015:248). Implicit biases can be problematic for many reasons. One way implicit biases are troublesome is due to the fact that it is unconscious, so it is usually out of a person’s control. People are often unaware of their own and how they use it. A very common way implicit biases are seen in society is through discrimination. Discrimination is defined as “prejudiced action against a group of people” (OpenStax College 2015:248). If a man and a woman are considered as potentials for being hired, the employer may have an implicit bias either towards or against men or women influencing them to hire one over the other based on their gender. This exemplifies a modern concern of gender discrimination as well. Implicit biases can come in many forms from gender, race, weight, sexuality, and many more. These factors can influence an individual’s treatment of others if they have significant bias. In society, these implicit biases can negatively influence minority and other groups and lead to inequality.

In terms of the anchoring bias, regularly revisit of the original decision based on the newly gathered data needs to be set up within the organization. Additionally, the decision maker should avoid the Confirmation Trap in which Bazerman and Moore (2009) argues that people tend to seek information that confirms their expectations and hypotheses. To recognize the bias, Mike Francis could

Two phenomena- hindsight bias and judgmental overconfidence- illustrate why we can’t rely solely on intuition and common sense.

Confirmation bias: the tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments.

Bias is something every person has; It is the inclination to feel prejudice towards a certain person, subject, or thing. On a personal level, bias affects just about everything a person could encounter, or has yet to encounter in their lifetime. There are two main types of biases people can have; Cognitive bias involves topics such as social attribution or memory errors, that are quite common and have a wide range of effects on how humans perceive things. The other type of bias is called social biases, or sometimes referred to as attributional bias. Attributional biases affect our everyday social interactions, and has a strong impact on people when trying to assess their own and others behaviors.

Confirmation bias is a tendency of people to prefer information that reinforces a thought or believe that they have. People demonstrate this bias when they retain information selectively, or when they interpret it in a biased way. The effect is stronger for emotional issues and for deeply rooted beliefs. (Science Daily)

The confirmation bias is the tendency to search for information that confirms our ideas and beliefs. This arises from our eargences to get a good solution. Often times most peopel seek evidence that supports thier ideas more readily than they search for facts that might refute them. Karen for example is using examples from the past regarding the election and who has won to demonstarte that her brother will win. "Karen your can't be serious. What about the issues, such as school poilces and procedures?" "Those issues don't matter. Regina Hoyt won becauseh she was populr last year. The only real issue is popularoty." This is an example of how Karen is searching for information that confirms her ideas that he brother will win the election because

C. (1988). Outcome bias in decision evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 569-579.

Showing that older people may be more overconfident regarding their ability to make decisions, which inhibits their ability to apply strategies. People in lower SES (social-economic status) groups may have less access to education and resources, which may make them more susceptible to experiencing negative life events, often beyond their control; as a result, low SES individuals may make poorer decisions, based on past decisions. When people believe what they decide matters, they are more likely to make a decision. Leaving the key

While traveling this summer, I would fall asleep as my wife drove to our new destination. The sound of a horn brought me back to consciousness to see the above vision. Yes, I was a bit startled. Perhaps, I cried out. There was nowhere to go!

In the experiment conducted by Gallo, Roberts, and Seamon (1997), the goal was to determine if subjects could avoid the illusion of creating false memories if they were forewarned about the effect. The study included 8 lists, each containing 15 related words. To measure the effects of false recognition, three groups were involved, each having a different set of instructions. The groups were classified as uninformed, cautious, and forewarned. In the uninformed group, subjects were asked to try and remember as many words as possible. However, they were unaware of the false recognition effect. In the cautious group, subjects were also unaware of the effect. The difference being that they were warned to watch out for words that were identical

4.How much objective according to your thoughts, most of the recruiters are in the selection and recruitment process? Please rate your selection from 1 to 10, with 1 indicating ‘Not at all’, and 10 indicating ‘Totally’.

In decision making, we make an array of methodical mistakes that are usually related to many biases that transpire when using judgmental heuristics (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2013). Such judgmental heuristics denotes guidelines followed to decrease data dispensation needs (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2013). We are given eight biases that play a role in our decision- making processes which are availability heuristic, representativeness heuristic, confirmation bias, anchoring bias, overconfidence bias, hindsight bias, framing bias, and escalation of commitment bias.

Bias is can further be explored under the idea of intuition, and how it can affect judgement and decision making processes. How does someone decide between “meaningful intuition and mindless associations?”(Wilhelms, & Reyna (Eds.). (2014)). The example given in the book was how on a given day what would be the chances of rain, and that would affect an individual’s idea to take an umbrella with them for the day. The data that would actually be meaningful would be the chance that it would rain from a given forecast, be it 10% or 80% that is what should affect the decision, but the idea that it is cloudy therefore you should take an umbrella just in case, is