Senior Suicide : An Overlooked Problem

Suicide does not generally come without warning. Almost always, persons considering it show symptoms or provide clues to their intent. It is important, however, for crisis workers to know how to read these and be able to distinguish between myth and reality. (Kanel, 2003, p. 76)

"More people in the general population die from suicide than homicide in North America. There are almost 11 suicide deaths each year for every 100,000 people living in the United States, and for every suicide, there are between 8 and 25 attempts" (Brent 4203). Based on this research, the great effect of suicide is displayed. According to dictionary.com, suicide can be defined as "the intentional taking of one's own life." Suicide is a major issue for all people, but it most obviously affects those ranging from ten to twenty-four. People need to understand the tremendous ramifications caused from suicide everyday; when people take their lives, others lose their loved ones. Suicide, one of the leading causes of death of numerous people each day, has reached a crisis point for adolescents and young adults, and it needs to be prevented.

Some of the risk factors for suicide in elderly people are previous suicide attempts, alcohol or substance abuse, barriers to mental health care, feelings of isolation, and relational, social, work, or financial loss (McQueen, 2012). Older people are less resilient and more susceptible to the stress of loss as many coping mechanisms fail with age (Franks, 2012). While older adults continue to age, they may experience multiple losses, then stress, followed by depression, pain, and, finally they feel compelled to commit suicide (Franks, 2012).The impact of some of these risk factors could be reduced with interventions such as informing the general public what signs and symptoms to look for in people who are at risk for suicidal thoughts. This information could have been helpful to my family as it may have made us more aware of what my relatives were experiencing and provided us with resources to be able to get them the

Suicide was seen as a just way to die if one was faced with unendurable suffering - be it physical or emotional”. Throughout time, suicide has been viewed and dealt with in countless ways. Recently in America, the problem has grown increasingly. In the past decade, suicide rates have been on the incline; especially among men. According to the New York Times (2013), “From 1999 to 2010, the suicide rate among Americans ages 35 to 64 rose by nearly 30 percent… The suicide rate for middle-aged men was 27.3 deaths per 100,000, while for women it was 8.1 deaths per 100,000”. A 30 percent increase with an average of 19 more male suicides than female suicides is certainly an issue for both genders, and an epidemic for men. The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (n.d.), found that in 2010, 38,364 suicides were reported, with 78.9% being men. The economic recession, unemployment, and various other factors are speculated to be responsible for this incline in male suicide. As of 2010, an estimated 30,308 men ended their own lives, and it seems as if there is a great risk of that number increasing each year.

Most persons who later attempt suicide have given some indication of being at risk, of having ideation or intent related to suicide. The suicide rate among physicians and nurses is higher than in the general population; their special knowledge of pharmacology and physiology can make attempts more likely to be lethal. Most people who complete suicide have made at least one previous attempt, and a history of prior attempts is one of the strongest predictors of future risk. Some attempts may appear unlikely to have succeeded from the outset, because the means was one of low lethality (e.g., choking oneself with socks wrapped around the neck) or because circumstances would have led to

Throughout the years suicide rates have increased and is a significant public health issue. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. However, suicide rates are high among the elderly, yet research on suicide prevention in older adults remains neglected.

The Department of Veteran Affair and the Department of Defense have created a Clinical Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Suicide Risk. This guideline was created based off of scientific knowledge and research. The guideline looks for several factors to assess the risk of suicide in veterans, including demographic and family history, psychiatric factors, access to means, and protective factors. The Department of Veteran Affairs used a multifaceted approach when creating the suicide prevention program in order to reduce suicide in the veteran population.

With the growing number of veteran related suicides, there is a cause for concern on what may be the contributing factor or factors to yield such outcome. The current rate of suicide for veterans in the United States 18 to 22 incidences daily, which is higher than ordinary non veteran citizens (1).

Young adults aged 15 to 24 are the most likely to experience mood disorders or substance abuse problems, and suicide is among the leading cause of death in 15 to 24-year-old Canadians. (Canadian Medical Association, 2008)

Suicide has had ramifications in adulthood. A story by Fox News in Helena, Montana reported on a murder suicide. The victims’ daughter discusses how her father, Augustine, was in “denial about having mental health problems” (Fox News, 2015). Mr. Bournes cut off communication with his daughter and killed his wife and their three young children, set their house on fire and killed himself.

(2017). Preventing suicide: A technical package of policies, programs, and practices. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/suicideTechnicalPackage.pdf

Suicide and dementia are two rising phenomena’s in society today. Dementia is seen in older citizens, and “the prevalence of severe dementia can reasonably be estimated as approximately 4% in persons over age 65” (DEMENTIA BOOKp.17). Suicide is seen among teens, and people suffering from mental illness. Now, there is a correlation between suicide and dementia starting. Suicide is “death caused by self-directed injurious behavior with an intent to die as a result of the behavior” (Violence Prevention). People who commit suicide think that there is no reason for them to be alive, and that no one cares about them. They feel they are better off dead. Some people have suicidal ideations, where they think about taking their life, and some attempt

I found two important facts about suicide that I consider the most significant. The first fact was that middle aged and older adults have a higher suicide rate compared to young adults. This fact is particularly interesting because I would expect this statistic to be the other way around. Moreover, this is important for students to know because the middle aged and older adults in a students' life would be their patents and grandparents. Being aware of this fact can remind students to be involved and interested in the lives of their parents and grandparents and recognize the warning signs if a loved one is feeling depressed or battling a mental illness. The second fact that I thought was important to know was that men have a

Suicide is a main source of death around the world and ranks among the three main causes of death among young adults aged between 15-45 years. Indeed, a response to this continuous worldwide issue, the World Health Organization called for the prevention of suicide (WHO, 2015). Several studies have evaluated some of the contributing factors, however, the connection between suicide and the evaluated factors is conclusively positive or negative.

Mental health issues such depression, anxiety is a health burden that negatively affects many people’s quality of life, especially older adults. In this Literature review we will use the terms older adults, elderly, baby boomer when referring to people ages 65 and older. “The rate of suicide in those aged 65 years and over has been increasing over the past three decades in most industrialized countries, with marked increases in both attempted suicides and death by suicide in the late 1980s” (Deuter, 2016). Older adults in the United States and many countries around the world die by suicide at elevated rates compared with younger adults (Conwell, and Van Orden, 2016). In addition to the age different, suicide seem to affect man and women differently with the baby boomer population. Men die more from suicide compare to women, even though females suicide attempt rate is higher (Heisel, 2006). Deuter reports that, in 2013, 7215 people aged 65 years and over died by suicide the USA, which accounts for 17.5% of the national total of suicide deaths (2016). The elevation of suicide in the elder is not only limited to the United States. According to Conwell (2013), the number of adults 65 year and older who died in the US is 6000 and 20,000 died worldwide, in 2010. The elderly population have become increasing prone to committing suicide and considered to be a population at risk. We will focus on the cause, challenges/controversy, and solutions that were used to address the issue of