Essay about Separation of Mixtures Lab Report

Concept 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds

There are various techniques to separate a mixture of compounds from each other. One of the commonly used way to isolate compounds from a mixture of two compounds is called extraction. This method of extracting two compounds from each other relies on the different solubility of the compounds in two different solvents.

Procedure: In this experiment, various chemicals were mixed together, to determine a reaction. Using two drops from chemical 1 and two drops of chemical two, unless otherwise stated, then recording the type of physical reaction or color changes that occurred.

When faced with a problem a good scientist will use experiments, notes, debates, and more to their advantage to solve the tough questions. A groups of scientists did just that when faced with a problem of their own. A tiny vial with a white powdery substance in it was put in front of them, and they needed to find out what was in it! Faced with nine possible ingredients in the “Mystery mixture,” a well tray, a water dropper, and a toothpick, these scientists were a little overwhelmed, but determined. One of the first things they did was look at the substance and compare it to their own mixtures, using experiments or chemical properties. Chemical properties are a chemical’s reaction to another or more substances, and a change in it’s identity. When they observed the chemicals the students were using physical properties, or observing the chemical’s smell, texture, color, appearance, size, and shape. They believe Baking Soda and Citric acid are in the Mystery Mixture.

1 litmus paper, red - in bag 2"x 3", Copper (II) Carbonate in Vial, 1/2 Full

Since we obtain an unknown proportion of a mixture, it’s important to mention that a mixture is a result of a combination of two or more pure substances that do not react chemically. The physical properties of a mixture depend on its composition because the amounts of each substance making up a mixture can vary. By taking advantage of the unique physical properties of individual components within a mixture, it should be possible to separate a mixture into its components. Mixtures have the following fundamental properties:

These layers can be separated through the use of a seperatory funnel which drains the bottom layer into a separate container. This method uses the understanding of partition ratios of solutes to different paired solvents to produce an equilibrium leaning towards one solvent over another, thereby extracting a compound from one liquid to the other (Padias 128-37). For example, consider a mixture containing two solutes, solute A and solute B, and two immiscible solvents, solvent A and solvent B. If solute A dissolves well into solvent A, but not very well into solvent B, and solute B dissolves well into solvent B but not very well into solvent A, there would be a higher ratio of solute A in solvent A than in solvent B, and a higher ratio of solute B into solvent B than in solvent A. One can then see that, through the use of different solvents, two dissolved solutes can be separated from a mixture. This ratio of a solute concentration to different solvents is defined by K, the distribution constant. Successive filtrations yield’s a higher percentage of products.

The objective of this experiment will be to combine various substances, liquids and metals, and to observe their behavior when they are combined. The types of reactions observed shall determine the nature of these reactions: physical or chemical.

Measure 500ml of tap water in the 500cm3 beaker, then measure 5g of sodium hydrogen carbonate using the 50cm3 beaker and weight scale and place in the beaker of water, using the glass rod to dissolve it into the mixture.

5. Substances in a mixture can be separated depending on the substances involved. You can use a magnet to separate a magnetic substance form a non-magnetic one, filtering, and evaporation. For example, when I put the

Record the mass of the sodium chloride in the data table. If it is too small to read, click on the

10. I then repeated steps 1-9 using alcohol as my solvent, instead of the 1% salt solution.

The compounds are separated by collecting aliquots of the column effluent as a function of time.

three substances formed in like manner by the violence of fire comes into one mixture,

4. Determine the mass of the mixture by subtracting the mass of the empty evaporating dish from the mass of the evaporating dish containing the mixture and record the calculated mass onto the data sheet.