Sex Offenders Essay

Sex offenders have been a serious problem for our legal system at all levels, not to mention those who have been their victims. There are 43,000 inmates in prison for sexual offenses while each year in this country over 510,000 children are sexually assaulted(Oakes 99). The latter statistic, in its context, does not convey the severity of the situation. Each year 510,000 children have their childhood's destroyed, possibly on more than one occasion, and are faced with dealing with the assault for the rest of their lives. Sadly, many of those assaults are perpetrated by people who have already been through the correctional system only to victimize again. Sex offenders, as a class of criminals, are nine times more likely to repeat their

Many states believe in rehabilitation for violent sex offenders while others believe in long term incarceration. Either way, the belief of proper legal sanction for sexual offenders are all the same. In states like Florida and New Jersey, laws were created to prosecute violators who abused, raped, molested, assaulted or kidnapped someone against their will. States then began to create laws that will give the victims of these horrifying sex crimes justice and in turn give the sex offender the correct punishment they deserve. When some civil commitment laws were revoked, the public’s outcry made states revisit and establish new laws that would help decrease the sex crime rate (Chittom and Cushman). Laws like Megan’s Law, Jessica’s Law, and Adam Walsh’s Law were created when their children had been abducted, raped,

"Sex Offender Registry Laws have been established as one part of the supervision of individuals who have moved back into communities after being convicted of sex crimes against adults or children. The level of information available varies by state and is posted to the internet".

The purpose of this paper was to describe the multiple different sex offender typologies. There are four main rapist typologies: power reassurance, power assertive, anger retaliatory, and anger excitation. Child molesters fall under either a situational child molester or preferential child molester. Another sex offender is a juvenile sex offender. This paper will also identify the method of operation (M.O.) and provide a basic profile for each type of rapist.

The rate of registered sexual offenders in Australia and internationally has been frequently increasing over time. Within Victoria, as of December 2011, 4165 offenders had been registered and it is estimated that by the year 2020, there will be 10,000 registrations by then (Victorian Law Reform Commission, 2012). Within Australia today there are only a few states which have an established registry such as Western Australia and The Northern Territory. Other states within Australia such as New South Wales have indicated that they have been working to establish a registry. Having a sex offender registry is extremely crucial and beneficial to people in the community as it enables them to feel protected and constantly informed of the whereabouts of sex offenders within their community.

As with any criminal whether being released from their first offense or being a veteran to the system, each runs the risk of becoming repeat offender with a new crime they have never committed or going back to their comfort zone crime. Regarding female sex offenders they also run the risk of becoming repeat offender to a sex crime or a non-related sex crime. Female offenders with higher number of victims or higher amounts of non-relating crimes are in risk of recidivism at a higher rate. According to Witt & Pirelli (2016) several risk factors for sex offending to consider with female sexual offenders are as follow:

The most important factor or factors when comes to determining the sentence for a sex offender, these would have to be 1. to consider their criminal background or any related convictions that are similar to sex offending, 2. their background as far as their personal relationships were and have been all across the board to know what kind of danger they pose to society. 3. consider in exact detail the type of offenses that had committed in the past and to whom they were exactly committed against at best. 4. look at the mental, physical, and emotional state of mind when they were using whatever motives to commit the said sexual offenses toward the victim, and along consider the ages of both the victim and the criminal who has gone through with

Researchers point out that child sexual abusers are driven by motives that are not the same as a pedophile. These motives can include stress, marital troubles, anti-social tendencies, or drug and alcohol abuse (Lanning, 2010). The sexual abuse of a child is not an indicator that the perpetrator is a pedophile. Sex offenders can be separated into two types: preferential and situational. The preferential is a true pedophile, only having a sexual attraction to prepubescent children. According to a study on over 2400 adult male sex offenders who had been categorized as pedophiles, only 7% of the men identified themselves as exclusively preferring children. This is an indication that most child sexual abusers fall into the non-exclusive or situational category (Hall, 2007).

there are indicators that can be identified that increases the possibility of an offender to reoffend or commit a sexual crime if left unmanaged. For the purpose of this study, high sexual preoccupation and sex as coping will be the identified as a risk factor for which behavioral modification can be applied to. Although there are many ways to manage high sexual preoccupation and the unhealthy outlets of sex as coping. The present study will extend the possibilities of using pharmacological methods to manage identified high risk behavior. Thus, proposing the integration of pharmaceutical intervention in sex offender treatment program for sex offenders who exhibits high sexual preoccupation and uses sex as a means to cope with life challenges. To assist in determining the need for medication intervention, the present study

     Cohen, Seghorn, and Calmas (1969) described three types of child molesters derived from their clinical studies. One type had a history of relatively normal functioning and the incident of molestation appears to reflect a reaction to a severe threat to their sense of sexual adequacy. Another type had a history of poor social-sexual functioning and is regarded as primitive and immature in terms of social-sexual skills. The last type they found in their study had offenses involving cruel and vicious assaults on children and the act of molestation is regarded as more aggressive then sexual. (Mc Creary, 1975)

There have been some studies conducted and evidence has been gathered that likely supports both parts of the sexual preference theory, however, many studies have also concluded that there were no differences between rapists and nonrapists during testing. (Looman, 2005) According to Barbaree and Marshall (1991), the level of sexual arousal a rapist experiences is determined by what type of rapist he is. A sexual sadist, as predicted, would likely show sexual arousal when presented with stimuli indicating sexual coercion. However, an opportunistic rapist would likely show no evidence of arousal when subjected to rape stimuli. On the other hand, a revenge-seeking or anger-driven rapist would show more sexual arousal from the violence displayed during the stimuli. Based on this evidence, it is this author’s conclusion that sexual desire plays little to no role in the motives of the nonsadistic rapists. (Barbaree & Marshall, 1991)

Great post! It was great to see that we agree on most points in regards to how female sex offenders are viewed. For example, I agree the media plays a big role in the perceptions society hold about sex offenders. As you stated most of all television shows and movies portray offenders as being males. Too add the news is the same way. Female sex offenders rarely make the news headlines, unless they are someone like a teacher. I also agree that women are not viewed as sex offenders because of the nurturing roles they are held to. Lastly, I agree that female sex offenders are not taken as serious as male offenders, which is horrible because females impact victims the same ways males do if not worse. For example, studies have proven that

Wijkman, Miriam, Catrien Bijleveld, and Jan Hendriks. "Juvenile Female Sex Offenders: Offender And Offence Characteristics." European Journal Of Criminology 11.1 (2013): 23-38. European Journal Of Criminology. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. <http://euc.sagepub.com/content/11/1/23>.

Child sex abuse is an increasingly contemporary social problem. It is relatively neglected due to many alleged offences being reported, long after they occurred or not being disclosed at all. I was immediately interested in this article as I am very fascinated by the psychological and theoretical explanations behind sexual offenders and the modus operandi of the offenders. This study produces quantitative data which gives a comprehensive view about the subject. Not only does it research into interfamilial offenders but also into extrafamilial, mid-type and deniers. Thus generating an extensive range of different types of criminals within the same topic. I found this article engaging to read as the facts and figures gave a clear understanding to how many offences of child abuse are actually prosecuted. It was frightening to read that the majority of the participants were interfamilial offenders, suggesting an ultimate betrayal between the offender and the victim, plus the victims’ family. This deeper level of scrutiny instantly made the article become more interesting. I am particularly keen to discover how the offender selects the specific victim and how he/she fits the required needs of their characteristics. Both Smallbone and Wortley note this study is shorthand of a much more detailed in-depth version.

Sexual offenses are committed by approximately 20% of individuals under 18 years of age (Brown, Flanagan, & Mcleod, 1984; Davis & Leitenberg, 1987; Federal Bureau of investigation, 1987). Also, almost 60% of all sexual offenses against children under the age of 12 are committed by juveniles (Bourke & Donohue, 1996). About 50% of adult sex offenders admitted to perpetuating their first sexual offense act during their adolescence which suggests an early offense behavior (Abel, Mittelman, & Becker, 1985; Rubenstein, Yeager, Goodstein, 1993). Dreadfully, juvenile sex offenders may commit an average of 380 sexual offenses during their lifetime and consequently, juvenile sex crimes are very serious offenses that urgently needs the utmost attention of researchers (Abel, Mittelman & Becker, 1985).