“Soldiers ' ability to sustain themselves and their fellow soldiers during periods of high stress is built upon rock-hard confidence in themselves and their leadership chain beginning with fire team leaders or the noncommissioned officer of their section. What we have learned and relearned in our Army is that unit cohesion and teamwork are what give individual soldiers the confidence to use initiative, to be resourceful, and to be all they can be. A soldier always wants the best to be at his front, rear, right and left, trained to stay there regardless of what may happen. A special bond develops when leaders live their lives following the fundamentals of leadership.”-- SMA Glen E. Morrell Today, sexual assault and sexual harassment continues to occur throughout the Army. The effects of sexual assault and harassment can be psychological, emotional, and/or physical. Some of the effects victims may experience is depression, anxiety, PTSD, or even suicide. Occurrences of these events is harmful to the morale of soldiers, hinders unit cohesion, and damages the Army as a whole. Serving in the military requires one to not only be physically strong but mentally strong. It’s been a known fact that service members of the military hold the title of working in one of the most stressful job fields anyone could work in. With the normal stresses of life alone, the military increases more stress on top of that. Now add the case of a victim of a sexual assault and / or sexual harassment
It summarized data from many different sources, and provided statistics for many different aspects of sexual assault. Some main points included the prevalence of assault, the effects on victims, and particular risk factors for being sexually assaulted within the military. The article gave chilling statistics, such as up to 31% of women in the military receive unwanted sexual attention. This article shows how the power relationships between men and women extend to even the most honorable positions held in society. The fact that sexual assault and harassment is so common in the military just further deters women away from holding admirable, brave occupations. The fear of being sexually assaulted can discourage women from joining and further perpetuate the mentality of women being
Military sexual trauma is unique in that it usually occurs in the workplace setting and often by someone known (Burgess, Slattery, & Herlihy, 2013). Military sexual trauma can lead to a heightened emotional and physical distress such as shame, hopeless, and betrayal (Lutwak & Dill, 2013a). It also could increase subsequent victimization, such as repeated assaults and other abuses (Farris, et al., 2013).
Nearly 20,000 military members reported that they experienced some form of sexual assault in 2014 (Morral et al, 2015, p. 9). While top military commanders tout the increase in sexual assault reports as proof that congressionally mandated updates to reporting policies are working, the actual number of sexual assaults may be higher. Many military members have faced retaliation from their coworkers if a report is made, which keeps reporting numbers down. Additionally, reporting numbers may be inaccurate as victims of sexual assault face mental difficulties after their traumatic experience, which could cause them to lose their jobs. In order to protect military members from sexual assaults, retaliation, and the metal effects of sexual assault,
Sexual assault is a threat to public health in refugee and conflict affected settings, placing survivors at
This paper is going to focus on a major issue throughout North America, sexual harassment and sexual assault. Both work in cohesion and arguably interrelated. This paper is going to investigate the ways in which the media depicts sexual harassment and sexual assault, and identify the problems and implications of their common approaches. This paper is going to identify the motivations, such as to profit, the initiative to sell, working alongside with the notion of sensitization of crime.
The rare relationship between a military leader and their subordinate is both strong and delicate. This unique relationship is powerful enough that the subordinate could risk their life to serve and protect others. Yet, the relationship is frail enough that it cannot blossom in an atmosphere without trust. However, all too often the trust between military personnel is broken by sexual assault. Throughout the years, sexual assault in the United States military has skyrocketed and many of the cases have never been reported. The United States military’s rape laws do not effectively prevent sexual assault. Nor does the United States military adequately prosecute sexual assault assailants. Sexual assault in the military should be addressed properly and solutions to these crimes should include greater forms of punishment.
When you think of Notre Dame, you think about their quality of education, and how good they are at sports, but what you don’t think about is their huge problem with sexual assault and harassment problem they have. As of right now Notre Dame has two active sexual assault cases and one that is resolved, and in 2010 Lizzy Seeberg, a student at nearby Saint Mary’s College committed suicide after reporting that a Notre Dame football player violated her.
Sexual violence can be categorized into different forms such as non-consensual intercourse, coercion, trafficking for sexual exploitation and female genital mutilation. During recent studies, the vast majority of sexual assault victims were female and males are considered to be the most perpetrators; however, sexual assault still happens to many men (2 Sexual violence: prevalence, dynamics and consequences, n.d.). These inappropriate actions can lead to long term or short-term physical and psychological effects on the human body. Furthermore, it is generally acknowledged that sexual assault against females is universal around the world and it is very limited on the prevalence on the inappropriate actions. For example, a survey was conducted
Experiences of sexual harassment and sexual assault are a common occurrence in the workplace, in public and, even in schools. Many of these events are either brushed off, swept under the table or seen as white noise. Sexual harassment is defined as “unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that tends to create a hostile or offensive work environment.” More and more statistics regarding cases of sexual assault and harassment have made their way into the mainstream media. Many of these studies are perceived as alarming, but a question to propose is whether the reported cases of sexual harassment and assault have actually increased in recent years, or if the push for sexual
In the past, sexual harassment was viewed by the courts as being either a criminal or civil violation. In fact, when the harasser was charged with a criminal violation it was considered as an assault and when it was a civil violation the courts called it an invasion of privacy. According to York, when the number of sexual harassment reports increased in 1985, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission decided to publish a set of guidelines that specified what sexual harassment was. The EEOC guidelines also illustrated how it was unlawful to practice in the workplace (York, 1989).
When families send their loved ones to the military, people imagine all these awful things that could happen to them during war. For example, many soldiers in war have lost a leg, an arm, and sometimes even their life. Going in to the armed forces never does one imagine that their child or family member could be sexually assaulted by their own comrades on base. This is upsetting because sexual assault is becoming more common everyday in the work force. Men and women are both victims of sexual assault but surprisingly men are targeted more then women. Abuse is already a horrible crime but being that these attacks happen in the military, it can be harder for survivors. A psychology professor Chitra Ragahavan who teaches at the the
Imagine you are a female student, about to start college for the first time. You are excited because you finally get to leave home and live somewhere other than with your parents. You get to live with friends in dorm rooms – dorm rooms that might be co-ed. Not only do you have to handle the struggle between classwork such as homework and studying, but now, you also have the possibility of needing to maintain a job and facing the temptation of college parties. However, if you are at a party, study group, or just with your friends, there is a chance that as a female student, and sometimes even as a male student, that you could become a statistic. The statistic you become is another number added to the college’s list of sexual assault and harassment incidents. Now the question is if you report the incident that happened to you, who would you report it to? A student has two options of reporting: to report the incident to the police and go through the judicial system or to go through the school’s trial system.
The military has made progress in reducing sexual assault and connecting victims to services. Sexual assault runs against the grain of military standards of service and value, yet it continues to happen. Repercussions for reporting these assaults are creating challenges for our service members, and hindering the progress of their mental and physical care. Continued and expanded efforts are needed to help support survivors and work to prevent sexual violence from occurring. Policy changes to the current reporting procedures could eradicate sexual violence and reduce the stigma surrounding the taboo topic.
Sexual harassment is any form of unprecedented sexual conduct in which the offender uses inappropriate language and actions that humiliate the sexuality of the offended. At workplaces, sexual harassment occurs when stakeholders of an organization engage in unwelcomed conducts of sexual nature, which makes the recipients (of the conduct) intimidated and uncomfortable. As Solotoff and Kramer (2014: 67) assert, sexual harassment is a widespread practice in the American workplace, and is more prevalent among women than men. This is evident from statistics that about 25% of women have experienced sexual harassment at workplaces (Solotoff & Kramer 2014: 68).
When thinking of the military, what images often come to mind? Perhaps it is the bravery and courage of the soldiers, or a feeling of gratitude towards them for fighting for our freedom. Perhaps it is the fear that they may get hurt and the hope that they will return home safely to their families. Without a doubt, many of us have considered these very aspects when thinking of the military. However, there is an area that often goes unthought-of. That area is the deviant behavior of rape. Unbeknownst to many, it is an epidemic in the U.S. military and unfortunately, very few steps are being taken to combat this enormous issue.