Sexually Transmitted Infections ( Stis )

Bacterial Vaginosis, Candidiasis, Chancroid, Granuloma Inguinale, Lymplhogranloma Venereum, Mucopurulent Cervicitis, Molluscum Contagiosu, Nongonococcal Urethritis, and Trichomiasis are more STDs that not as common and not generally discussed. Chlamydia is a bacterial STD and can be contracted through vaginal and anal sex. 75% of women and 25% of men are asymptomatic. The symptoms may include abnormal genital discharge, and burning during urination. Chlamydia can be cured with antibiotics, but the antibiotics can not undo the damage done prior to treatment. If left untreated in women, up to 30% will experience pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which often causes ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain. In men, causes epidiymitis, an inflammation of the testicles, which causes sterility. Infected individuals are also at a greater risk of contracting HIV. Gonorrhea is a bacterial STD that can be contracted through vaginal, anal, and/or oral sex. Though some cases may be asymptomatic, when symptoms do appear, they are often mild and usually appear within 2-10 days after exposure. The symptoms include discharge from the penis, vagina, or rectum and burning or itching during urination. Gonorrhea can also be treated and cured with antibiotics but they cannot undo the damage done prior to treatment. IF left untreated, gonorrhea can cause PID, eptopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic

organisms that include viruses and bacteria which are transmitted primarily through sexual intercourse. Modes of transmission also include non-sexual activities such as needles sharing during drug use, blood transfusions and vertical transmission from mother to child. STD surveillance and prevention measures are often geared towards adolescent and young adult populations, thus leaving the older adult population unrecognized and vulnerable.

Over one million cases of Chlamydia were reported to the CDC in 2013. Despite this large number of reports it actually was a decrease by 1.5% since 2012 (CDC, 2014). Epidemiology statistics showed an increase in reported syphilis, including congenital. Other sexually transmitted diseases can pose higher risks for acquiring HIV. According to new studies, HIV is growing faster in populations that are over 50 versus 40 years and younger (BenRose, 2014). Factors may play a role in this such as higher divorce rates, new medications, and safe sex measures. Therefore, it is important for the healthcare provider screen for sexual activity and any change in sexual partners to provide routine testing when necessary and education on preventive

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) continue to compromise the health of thousands of Americans daily, predominantly adolescents. According to the World Health Organization (2013), approximately one million Americans acquire an STD every day. Although the percentage of adolescents who have had sexual intercourse has declined since the 1990’s, those who have had sex are less likely to use any form of contraception, thus placing them at greater risk of acquiring an STD (Department of Health and Human Services [DHHS], 2015). Of the many STDs that are prevalent in the United States, chlamydia is one of the most commonly reported STDs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011). Undiagnosed or untreated chlamydia can cause many health problems including cervicitis, urethritis, and can advance to severe health issues such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy (CDC, 2011).

There is a continuing increase in the rates of sexually transmitted infections, particularly in people ages 15-25 (Westwood, 2006). Twelve million new cases of

A sexually transmitted infect, STI, is transmitted through sexual contact, viruses, parasites, and/or bacteria. Studies show that 120 percent of the people in the United States have an STD. 50 percent of sexually active youth will contract an STD when they are 25 years old and 320 percent of high school girls already have the infection. (3) Although HIV is the least common case, in 2013, an estimated 47,165 people in the United States were diagnosed with HIV. About 1 in 6 people do not know they are infected. (2) These studies and values are shocking and concerning. Since STIs have such significant negative health consequences I believe that there should be legal discipline and you should be able to sue someone for spreading the disease if

The World Health Organization defines sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as infections that are mainly passed through person to person sexual contact (World Health Organization [WHO], 2012). Some of the more common infections include syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and genital herpes (World Health Organization [WHO], 2012). Every year about 19 million new STI cases are reported by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2011). Such high incidence rates cause the U.S health care system 17 billion dollars a year (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2011). Beyond having increased costs STIs also have a huge social impact on society.

Like Chlamydia, Gonorrhea can also infect the genitals and throat (Friedman & Skancke, 2009). This sexually transmitted infection affects more than 800,000 women and men every year in the United States (Shoquist & Stafford, 2004). Although symptoms are uncommon, the symptoms often experienced include vomiting, pain in the genital area, unusually thick discharge, and the urge to urinate more than usual (Sutton, 2006). Gonorrhea can lead to infertility in both men and women, and during pregnancy can lead to premature labor and stillbirth (Shoquist & Stafford,

More than 13 million new cases are diagnosed each year. Today there are more than 25 sexual transmission diseases affecting thousands of young people in the United States. There are more than 25 STDs, according to the website Healthy people 2020 and all of them can be prevented. The information in this project focuses on the most common in the USA:

There are about 19 million new cases of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States each year. There are more than 700, 000 cases of gonorrhea each year and incidents of chlamydia have steadily increased within the past two decades. STI’s are on the rise among the young adults in the United States and evidence suggests that young adults are most at risk due to an increase in sexual activities. Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the most common “curable” diseases reported in the US. These widespread incidents have made STI’s an epidemic in the United States.

The term "Sexually Transmitted Diseases" (STD) is not specific for one disease but more than 25 infectious organisms that are transmitted from person to person by sexual intercourse. STDs are almost always transmitted by anal or vaginal intercourse, and oral sex (generally less efficiently). Some STDs are also transmitted through contaminated drug equipment, pretty common among drug users. Since 1980, eight new sexually transmitted pathogens have been recognized in the United States. STDs may cause serious, life-threatening complications including cancers, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortions, stillbirth, low birth weight, neurologic damage.

With progressing attitudes towards sex and greater acceptance of alternative sexual behaviours, the amount of people engaging in a wider variety of sexual behaviours has increased tremendously over the years. With greater participation in sexual behaviour comes a greater risk of pregnancy and contracting and passing STIs.

Infection is preventable. Gonorrhea can only spread through bodily fluids. Anyone can prevent infection by using a latex condom when having sexual contact and only having sexual contact with tested partners. While symptoms are painful and unpleasant, if diagnosed early, victims can take antibiotics which stop infection within a week. Gonorrhea is becoming much more antibiotic resistant, limiting treatment options. Even more concerning, many victims are not able to receive a proper diagnosis. Many cases are not treated correctly because they are asymptomatic, and share common symptoms with other STIs and non-sexually transmitted infections, leading to misdiagnosis. Pharyngeal gonorrhea is especially misdiagnosed as it often manifests itself as a sore throat which can be diagnosed as a low-impact infection like strep throat or a virus. Untreated cases develop many complications. Epididymitis can lead to male sterility, and pelvic inflammatory disease can form scar tissue blocking the fallopian tubes, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and long-term pelvic and abdominal pain. Gonorrhea increases HIV risk, and can also spread throughout the body, becoming skin lesions infecting wrists and ankles. If N. gonorrhea enters the blood or hand and feet joints, it becomes potentially fatal. Pregnant women with gonorrhea are at even greater risk. They can infect their infant in childbirth, which

Gonorrhea can be caught through sexual contact and intercourse. Some forms of transmission are vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, as well as oral intercourse and can sometimes infect the eyes. Not everyone experiences signs and symptoms of gonorrhea, when infected or during the course of infection, therefore making the chances of one knowing you have been infected rather difficult. This can potentially lead to more serious effects such as infertility, pelvic inflammatory

There are 19.1 new individuals get infected from STIs in the United States. The estimated total of individuals with STIs is about 110 million. Each year one in four teens contract STIs. The total direct cost STIs annually in the U.S. is $15.6 billion (2010 US dollars). The key factors for STI infections are poverty, poor healthcare system, education, alcohol and drug abuse.