Sickle Anemia Research Paper

This mutation paper is to give information on the Sickle Cell disease. This is a negative disease to have because the Sickle Cell Disease decreases the health of the person that has the disease and limits what they can and cannot do. Sickle Cell Disease is a red blood cell disease that causes ab normal hemoglobin to from in the veins. Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen throughout the body to help with the respiratory system. The cause of the genetic mutation is inheritance or getting the disease from the parents the disease is found on chromosome 13 while the hemoglobin is still in beta phase on gene HB A. The disease typically shows symptoms within the first 5 to 6 months of birth and being diagnosed with Sickle Cell Disease. The symptoms include painful swelling on the hands and feet, and Jaundice, which causes a white color to form under the eyes, and turns the skin color yellow.

Approximately 100,000 people suffer from Sickle Cell Anemia everyday and about 2 million people have the Sickle Cell trait in the United States alone. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting 70,000 to 80,000 Americans (Pruthi 2018). The disease is estimated to occur in 1 in 500 African Americans and 1 in 1,000 to 1,400 Hispanic Americans (Pruthi 2018). Sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia, a condition in which there aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout your body normally, your red blood cells are flexible and round, moving easily through your blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells become

The disease is caused by a mutated version of the gene that help makes hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. Sickle cell is a disorder in the blood caused by abnormal hemoglobin proteins. The abnormal hemoglobin protein caused sickle cell shaped red blood cells. The sickle cell red blood cells are crescent shapes and can clog up very easily in blood canals. In the diagram to the right it shows how a mutation causes a change in the amino acid.

Blood transfusions are another option. This can increase the number of red blood cells that cause anemia and makes the body weak and it can fight off other complications from the disease. Gene therapy is a newer treatment that inserts a normal gene into the bone marrow of a person with sickle cell anemia hoping for a result of normal hemoglobin but this process is still in an experimental stage.

Sickle Cell Anemia is a fatal hereditary illness with a range of signs and symptoms. A person can go years without having symptoms while some don’t survive childhood. The life span of a person with Sickle Cell Anemia is 50 years above, however female counterparts live longer than the men. It is common in African and Black individuals. The only cure for Sickle Cell Anemia is a bone marrow transplant, which reverses the illness. Hydroxycarbamide can also help lessen complications, but is not a cure. It is an illness that results in early deaths, that’s why it is important to get treatment as soon as

The cause of sickle cell anemia is by a mutation gene. The gene tells your body to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is responsible for giving the blood its red color and allows the red blood cells to carry oxygen from your lungs to all the parts of your body. The sickle cell gene is passed down from one generation to the next and is inherited. It is called autosomal recessive inheritance. This happens when both the mother and father pass on the detective form of gene. If only one parent passes on the sickle cell gene to the child that means the child will have the sickle cell trait. People who have the sickle cell trait are carriers and can pass the defective gene to their children. Your ethnic background can put you at risk for sickle cell anemia.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disease of the blood that is characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin S causing the cell to acquire a sickle shape that prevents the smooth flow of blood to a major organ (Shea et al. 2017). The stress is usually caused by fever, infection or cold temperature, which lead to sickle cell crisis caused by hypoxia, dehydration, and acidosis (Barranger, 2017).

While people are trying to find a breakthrough cure for diseases such as Cancer, Sickle Cell patients feel that they are left in the dark of the public’s eye. Each day thousands of people are being faced with the shocking truth of having to live a very hard, tiresome, and very painful life. According to researchers about one in four hundred African American is affected with Sickle Cell. Therefore it is felt that there should be a greater effort in trying to find a cure for this disease.

Treatments may vary from individual’s need. When only mild pain is suffered by the individual, they are usually offered over the counter pain medication. Other than medication, they are told to have a lot of rest and to drink plenty of fluids. If the pain starts mild and gradually gets worse they are given acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Severe pain obviously occurs in individuals who are given Hydroxyurea. Hydroxyurea will decrease the pain and prevent crises. Other treatments could include blood transfusion and surgery. Researchers are trying to continue their studies on blood and marrow stem cell transplants. They also wish to maintain their studies of gene therapy and other medications such as nitric oxide. Nitric oxide may help the sickle cell be less sticky and keep vessels open and decitabine that is similar to hydroxyurea who possibly could reduce painful crises. To this date, there are still no treatments that are 100%

Proteins are macromolecules made up of many amino acids that play a lot of important roles in our body. In living organisms proteins have various functions. For example enzymes are proteins that are very important to our body. Enzymes are invovled in thousands of chemical reaction wporking by lowering the activation energy therefore speeding up the reactons. Proteins can also function as a messenger, transporter, and also for storage in the body. Proteins are polymers made up of a lot of amino acid monomers. The amino acid on the protein gives the protein its special function or unique property. A phenotype is an observable trait or characteristics on an organism. For example eye color, height, and a size of a bird's beak are all phenotypes,they

Sickle Cell Anemia is a hereditary disease that has a gene that causes red bone marrow in the body to make sickled shapes, when this happens; it causes the red blood cells to die faster. This is what causes Hemolytic Anemia. Older children and adults with sickle cell disease may have very few complications, or have patterns of ongoing problems that ultimately shorten their lives. The most serious and common problems with sickle cell disease are organ failure, fatigue and pain. There are many opportunities and alternatives for treatment and symptom management that a sickle cell patient can consider today.

Sickle cell anemia has a less serious condition known as Sickle Cell traits. This is a heterozygous condition where less than half of the number of red blood cells is sickle shaped while the rest are normal and they are involved inefficient oxygen loading. An individual with the sickle cell trait experiences a mild case of anemia but always leads a normal life. Treatments that have been prescribed for the sickle cell condition include medication as well as blood transfusions and rarely a bone-marrow

Sickle cell anemia is a disease that is found in about seventy thousand to one-hundred thousand people in a year here in the United States, most commonly found in African-Americans. This disease occurs in the blood where the hemoglobin attaches itself to the oxygen in the lungs and then carried all throughout the body. When this occurs the red blood cell is changed to rigid and the shape turns to a “C” (A.K.A. Sickle) which is where the disease got its name. The C like cell may get stuck and block blood flow to vital organs which can cause a stroke, acute chest syndrome, organ damage, and other disabilities. Sickle cell is unfortunately an inherited disease which is either passed down by both parents or if one parents has the trait and the

I was born like this, since one like this Immaculate Conception. I transform like this, perform like this, was Yeshua’s new weapon.” are just a sample of the lyrical genius Kendrick Lamar depicts in his new hit, DNA. The greatest thing about that line is it maximizes the personification of sickle cell anemia. An inherited disease that one is born with and passed down through generations by means genetic recombination almost immaculately as the odds of receiving it are against you. Red blood cells in a sense transform from oval to crescent moon shaped being the basis of the performance in Yeshua’s weapon of death. I think Kendrick hit the nail on the head with this one.

Children with sickle cell anemia diseases may begin taking the penicillin antibiotic when they approaching to two months of age and continuous taking it until they are about at least 5 years of age. Doing many helps to prevent infections, such as pneumonia, which can be life threatening to an infant or child with sickle cell anemia . Antibiotics may also help adults with sickle cell anemia fight certain infections .