Compare And Contrast Diploid And Chromatin

Meiosis results in four daughter cells (gametes) which have half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. They are therefore called haploid cell

Mitosis and meiosis are similar in several ways and different in others. The similarities include that both processes involve IPMAT. IPMAT is interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The parent cells are diploid. They both end with cytokinesis. In Metaphase and Metaphase II, the sister chromatids line up along the center. Then in Anaphase and Anaphase II, these chromatids are split and pulled towards the centrosomes. The differences are that mitosis consists of 1 division while meiosis consists of 2. Four genetically different, haploid sex cells are the products of meiosis and 2 identical, diploid somatic cells from mitosis. Mitosis occurs in all organisms except viruses and meiosis only occurs in plants, animals, and fungi.

A) Meiosis consists of two cell divisions and is broken up into Meiosis I and Meiosis II. At the beginning of the Cell Cycle, in this case there are four chromatids each from the homologous pairs being A, a, B, b. This is the Diploid number (4) meaning it is 2 times the haploid number that will be seen at the end of meiosis II. During the S phase of interphase, the chromatids replicate and reach the end of G2 phase. Now starting meiosis, during the first stage of prophase I the chromosomes condense and pair up through synapsis with their sister chromatids creating AA, aa, BB, bb. After they pair up they go through a process called crossing over, where the homologous chromosomes share a piece of their genetic material with each other. Crossing over allows for the genetic diversity of chromosomes. Now there are four homologous chromosomes Aa, Aa, Bb, Bb, each containing heterozygous alleles because the sister chromatids exchanged genetic information with their homologous pair. During late prophase I, spindle fibers being to form where they will later attach to a homologous chromosomes centromere. The next stage is Metaphase I. During metaphase I, the homologous pairs line up at the metaphase plate, also known to be the center of the cell. The homologous pairs form a tetrad which is considered a group of four homologous chromosomes. These homologous chromosomes orient themselves randomly, which is know as the process of independent

Polyploidy variation in chromosomal number due to addition of one or more haploid sets of chromosomes.

Later on a male and female haploid cell will join to form a diploid cell with the right number of chromosomes.

For a haploid cell, this new species would have 13 chromosomes in it. One copy of each autosome (12) as well as one sex chromosome (1).

Mitosis is the process of duplicating nuclear material one cell becomes two cells. A cell contains 46 chromosomes, this is known as diploid. This process involves prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis ensures the continuation of the organism and helps the body build and repair. Meiosis on the other hand is for production of haploid cells, 23 chromosomes, that together with another human, new organisms are created.

1) How are stem cells different from normal cells? Why are these differences important for medical research?

Cell division may happen by either mitosis or meiosis, depending on what type of cell is invovled. Mitosis is a process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells. They each have the same exact number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis occurs in the primary sex cells leading to the formation of viable egg and sperm cells. They reduce the number of chromosomes to half in each gamete so that when they are getting furtilized, the species chromosome number is kept even.

Homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical. Each carries the same genes in the same order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same. In garden peas, for example, the gene for pod color on the maternal chromosome might be the yellow allele; the gene on the homologous paternal chromosome might be the green allele. One chromosome of each homologous pair comes from the mother (called a maternal chromosome) and one comes from the father (paternal chromosome). Homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical. Each carries the same genes in the same order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same. In diploid organisms, the genome is composed of homologous chromosomes. One chromosome of each homologous pair comes from

Chromatin- a collection of separate structures called Chromosomes. Within the nucleus the DNA is organized along with proteins into Chromatin. During Mitosis, the chromosomes condense into what is known as Chromosomes, which allows the genetic information of the previous cell to be passed on.

     More than one celled organisms grow by way of mitosis and the cytoplasmic division of body cells. On the other hand, meiosis occurs only in germ cells, which are put aside for the formation of gametes (sperm and egg). Reproduction by meiosis allows for species survival and it increases genetic variability.

Chromosomes contain the genetic information that must be passed to each new generation of cells. Chromosomes are what you pass on to your children to make them who they are, it’s the DNA of a cell.

1 G banding techniques enhances the basic structures of chromosomes. The chromosomes consists of 8 histones proteins molecules , each of which is wrapped around by DNA of 146bp long to form a repeating units called nucleosomes, then successive nucleosomes are arranged to form a structure similar to that of beads of a string which again coil themselves to form chromatin fiber. Chromosome package is form when chromatin fiber are further loop and coiled.

At prophase the chromosomes become condense to become visible and the membrane begins to break down. The chromosomes line up along the centre of the equator during metaphase. The chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles during anaphase. In telophase these separate chromatids