Highlighted questions are the ones that need review A, With the invention of the printing press, the demand for books skyrocketed, and led to the creation of pulp magazines. To some these magazines were not “serious” literature standard, as often times they were printed on low quality paper, sold cheaply (dime magazines), and in locations like drug stores and train stations, instead of the traditional book store. B. Psychoanalytic critics were particularly interested in the horror genre for its uncanny characteristics. The story deals in the realm of the id, ego and superego, all fighting for control of the body. Past horrors are dealt with through the ego defence mechanism, with a lot dealing with repressed sexual tendencies. They also deal with mental health, a term not used during this era, with people who could have schizophrenia, bipolar, or a number of other name illnesses today. D. Hard-boiled detective fiction is more politically progressive than other forms of detective fiction because it takes place in a cold corrupt city. Of the everyday working class vigilante, following a tale based off intimidation and temptation. The story shows the detective side of working (some of the time) against the social system, to bring the criminal to justice in a face to face confrontation. E. In Hughes Allison story, “Corollary”, there were several similarities between race and class in the story. All the villains of the story were darken skin tone and poor, stealing the
Psychoanalysis created by Sigmund Freud is much like Individual therapy in the sense that it will explore the past and how any past circumstances are effecting the now adult. This therapy will last as long as the client needs the support of the counselor and relies on the client’s full participation. In this form of therapy the counselor will participate in guiding the client thru the unconscious mind to and find how it may be contributing to thoughts and behaviors that are causing the client distress. Like analytical therapy psychoanalysis will cover a variety of issues including psychosexual, compulsive, and depressive disorders. According to Haggerty, J. (2006) “The essence of Freud’s theory is that sexual and aggressive energies originating in the id (or unconscious) are modulated by the ego, which is a set of functions that moderates between the id and external reality. Defense mechanisms are constructions of the ego that operate to minimize pain and to maintain psychic equilibrium. The superego, formed during latency (between age 5 and puberty), operates to control id drives
In the play Blood Brothers Willy Russell explores the differences between a working class family and a middle class family during the downturn of industry in Liverpool in the 1960 and 70’s, resulting in The Recession in the early 1980’s. There is a twist on the fact that they are just two opposite class families – Mickey and Edward. They are two genetically identical twins; however Mickey was brought up in a working class family and Eddie in a middle class family. By using these two complete extremes, Russell has explored the history of the British class system in a very extreme way. Seeing the different class upbringings teaches us about Nature vs. Nurture in society.
Psychoanalytic criticism is a type of literary criticism that analyzes and classifies many of the forms of psychoanalysis in the interpretation of literature. As the Concise Oxford Dictionary defines psychoanalysis, as a form of therapy that is concluced by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind' (Barry 96). One of the most popularized
The stereotypes in the story, makes it difficult for the readers to conclude the race of each character. People assume that the African American character would be illiterate and uneducated and the white character to be well-educated. During the time period of the story African Americans did not have access to a decent education; making it harder for them to learn just the basics. Whites had access to good education, making it easy to believe the white character is more educated. It is also believed that a person that is well educated will have a better lifestyle when they are older. A well-educated person will have a better job, paying more, and have a better opportunity to afford the means of a luxurious lifestyle. An under educated person will most likely live in poverty, struggle for their basic needs, or live in a declining neighborhood. Behavior is a harder stereo type to use to distinguish a race. Many assume that whites have an entitled attitude toward life. Whites had access to a good education and jobs, they had a “I’m better than you” attitude. On the other hand, many think African Americans were upset because of how easy it was for whites to have better access to the basic necessities such as education and housing.
Horror, what is it, according to literary historian J.A. Cuddon, it is “a piece of fiction in prose of variable length…which shocks or even frightens the reader, or perhaps induces a feeling of repulsion or loathing.” This sets the guidelines for how the generic horror piece is written, as long as it can scare the reader in one sense or the other, or cause them to loath a certain part or character, then it can be called horror. The horror today has roots stemming from old folklore and religious traditions which had elements that dealt with death, the afterlife, and the demonic, along with the things or thing that embody a person. Horror during the 18th century was called gothic horror and this particular type of horror was invented in the
Reading a narrative from a psychoanalytic perspective can prove to be a sometimes frustrating experience. Psychoanalysis often disregards the actual texts and verbal context of a piece of literature in favor of the Freudian and Lacanian ideas, which seek to find encrypted motifs in the depths of every creation in order to reveal the author’s unconscious mind. Nevertheless, the critiques of psychoanalytic interpretation of literature claim that such interpretations focus on the content of the text at the expense of the literary form and temporal dimension, which can reduce the literary plots to lifeless machinations. Furthermore, psychoanalytic interpretation of a text may tell us less about the author’s unconscious mind and more about the
According to modern psychologists, Sigmund Freud is considered the father of modern psychology; Freud’s idea of the three zones of the psychic apparatus play a heavy influence in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. The three zones are Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id is natural instincts, Ego is the influence of the Id caused by society, and the Superego is acting based off of adopted morals taught to you. The Monster’s personality traits in Frankenstein are examples of Freud's idea of Id, Ego, and Superego. Throughout the novel, each trait is developed with the Id being first ; and alternating back and forth between all of them on which one becomes the dominant trait.
Jim Butcher, in his novel “Storm Front”, employs a style similar to the hard boiled detective novel. The protagonist of the novel, Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden (a wizard) who helps the Chicago police department with “a case that transcends mortal creativity or capability”, is confronted with many obstacles in his investigative duties. Harry is a detective who keeps getting himself in deeper and worse circumstances and conditions. He gets ambushed, beaten up by people involved in his investigations. He fights harder and never gives up. Also, Harry with his confrontational attitude as a hard-boiled detective makes a lifelong enemy of a vampire madam called Biamca who wants her secrets kept.
Psychological criticism has roots as far back as the fourth century BC, when Aristotle “commented on the effects of tragedy on an audience, saying hat by evoking pity and fear, tragedy creates a cathartic of those emotions” (Dobie 54). More recently, however, psychological criticism has been shaped and influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud. He developed theories concerning “the workings of the human psyche, its formations, its organization, and its maladies” that, while further refined by other theorists, are still the basis of the modern approach to literary criticism (Dobie 54). Freud’s theory of the tripartite psyche is used to classify and define the conscious and unconscious mind into the id, ego, and superego. When examined using this theory, Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, a dystopian novel about a patriarchal totalitarian government that has replaced the United States of America, is particularly interesting.
Freud’s theories have launched what is now known as the psychoanalytic approach to literature. Freud was interested in writers, especially those who depended largely on symbols. Such writers tend to tinge their ideas and figures with mystery or ambiguity that only make sense once interpreted, just as the analyst tries to figure out the dreams and bizarre actions that the unconscious mind of a neurotic releases out of repression. A work of literature is thus treated as a fantasy or a dream that Freudian analysis comes to explain the nature of the mind that produced it. The purpose of a work of art is what psychoanalysis has found to be the purpose of the dream: the secret gratification of an infantile and forbidden wish that has been repressed into the unconscious (Wright 765).
Through psychoanalytic theory, the mind likes to play a lot of games on the victim such as dreams of reality, poems and riddles of the past, and isolation creating the best and worst out of them. Upon the first novel, dreams take control of the mind to unleash the most inner desire. An
While American and British authors developed the two distinct schools of detective fiction, known as “hard-boiled and “golden age,” simultaneously, the British works served to continue traditions established by earlier authors while American works formed their own distinct identity. Though a niche category, detective works reflect the morality and culture of the societies their authors lived in. Written in the time period after World War I, Dashiell Hammett’s The Maltese Falcon and “The Gutting of Couffignal”, and Raymond Chandler’s “Trouble Is My Business” adapt their detectives to a new harsh reality of urban life. In “hard-boiled” works, the detective is more realistic than the detective in “golden age” works according to the
Psychoanalysis was started and influenced by Sigmund Freud. The object of psychological literary theory is to analyze the phycology of the author or the characters in the book. Applying psychological analysis to the Metamorphosis will require a critique to identify vital Freudian concepts such as; consciousness, unconsciousness, Oedipus complex and phallic symbol.
I chose to pick a genre, and I chose to do psychological thrillers. What are psychological thrillers? A psychological thriller is a subgenre of horror and thriller fiction that relies on characters' fears and emotional instability to build tension. However, this genre often incorporates elements from the mystery and drama genre in addition to they typical traits of the thriller genre. ALso. occasionally this genre will border into the, also wide-ranfing, horror genre. The elements of psychological horror focuses on the inside of the characters mind, their mental state. This includes emotions, personality, mental attitude of individuals, inhumane acts and conspiracies. The aim is to get you confused with
The purpose of psychoanalytic criticism is to offer the reader a better understanding of a literary piece by the analysis and interpretation of certain aspects through psychoanalytical theory. The aim, as is the case with all critical approaches, is to go beyond the surface structure and into the deep structure of a text, this time through the study of the psyche and by looking for patterns which are significant and convey meaning. The focus of such an approach is either the author, the intricate mechanisms of his own mind, which explain how and why the text came into being, or, in some cases, the characters, whose psyches can shed further light on the content.