Smoking-Related Lung Disorders

This burden on the Australian health system is significant and has been increasing its effects since the late 20th Century. The research project will allow for the support of the Australian society in maximising their health, potential and lifetime outcomes (Department of Industry, 2013). The lack of physical activity among adults is a national problem, on an economic scale it is consuming $1.5 billion of government funds to cope with the increased health care impacts (Cahilhac et al. 2011). On top of the economic burden, the social impacts of rising levels of health issues among the public is effecting the quality of life of thousands of Australian’s per year, resulting in as many as 2,000 deaths (Cahilhac et al. 2011). This research proposal will evaluate and uncover potential solutions to combat the problems contributing to an inactive lifestyle. It will also provide an insight Australian decision makers to assist in producing decisions regarding social and economic improvements. The research will enable the promotion of better health practices and prevent disease through a more focused and collaborative effort as guided by the national research priority

Physical activity is defined as an individual not obtaining the recommended 150 minutes per week. engaging in moderate physical activity is very important, if the recommended time that should be spend on excersie per week is not achieved it can increase the risks of chronic diseases such as Heath disease, type 2 diabetes and stroke. Physicals inactivity also increases biomedical determinants such as body weight leading to obesity, high blood pressure and blood cholesterol which have a negative effects on an individual's well being. According to AIHW, 2012, 60% of Australians over 15 did not undertake in sufficient physical activity. Getting the required 150 minutes a week or more is a great protective factor which will decrease the ricks of various chronic diseases and also provides other benefits such as reducing body weight and improving mental

The oldest group were much less likely than younger people to be exercising to keep fit, relieve stress/relax, keep in shape or lose weight but instead more likely to be taking part for enjoyment and social aspects or because it helps with an injury/disability

Marie Maynard Daly was born on April 16,1921 she was the first black african american women to earn a PHD in chemistry.Marie Maynard was was raised and born in corona queens.she lived at a home to save money, majored in chemistry,and graduated from queens magna cum laude with her bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 1942.

The data collected from a survey performed by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System regarding time, frequency and proportion of exercise reports that 58.1% of the interviewees were considered physically inactive; 29.8 % concluded with not having time for exercising. Besides, the statistics showed that there was not much difference between genders as it was almost the same percentage of passive lifestyle; however, there were differences when considering race and age (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2010).

This essay is aimed to explore, analyse and discuss smoking in adults. Smoking is a public health issue as such is one of the major contributors to high mortality and ill-health in the adults which is preventable (Health and Excellence Care (NICE) (2012). The United Kingdom (UK) is known to have the highest number of people with a history of smoking among people with low socio-economic status (Scriven and Garman, 2006; Goddard and Green, 2005). Smoking is considered a serious epidemic in the UK and the National institute for Health and Excellence Care (NICE, 2012) stated that 28% of adults with low economic status are tobacco smokers compared with 13% of those with economic status or having professional

The author’s present important and substantial findings from prior studies and literature reviews. The information and data offered was comprehensive and well-supported, it was clear that the authors had conducted a thorough

Physical Activity (PA) has many benefits on our health, and importance of this has to be clearly communicated (House of Commons Health Committee 2015). Therefore, the purpose of this report is to discuss relationship between PA, health and diseases along with specific references to the current United Kingdom (UK) health status. This report will also explain two examples of social determinants of health, to show the impact failing to reach government guidelines has on remaining healthy.

In this section, there are two main articles selected that will be further analyze by providing a concise description of the articles, which include the purpose of the article, questions of the authors address, key findings and their conclusion.

2. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39(8): 1435-45. Abstract available at: http://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Abstract/2007/08000/Physical_Activity_and_Public_Health_in_Older.28.aspx

The article, Exercise Program for Older Adults Improves Health and Catches on Around the Country, goes into depth about a program managed by senior services in Seattle, Washington, pertaining to a study on the elderly and the benefits of physical activity. Aging studies have found that people grow old at different rates, but it is inevitable that at some point there will be a decline in endurance, flexibility, balance and strength that occurs from natural aging. This natural occurrence has the possibility of leading to several negative impacts such as diminished independence and vitality which can lead to depression as well as increasing the likelihood of a disabling injury. After years of researching the positive benefits of physical activity, The University of Washington’s Health Promotion Research Center, a CDC Prevention Research Center (PRC), decided that they wanted to offer an exercise program in the setting of a community center. They thought it was wise to offer this program in a community based location like a senior center to promote dissemination and

The first review was from an article in The New England Journal of Medicine called: “Smoking and Mortality — Beyond Established Causes” written by several physicians. (Carter, 2015) It explains how the mortality rates are higher among recent smokers than people who have never smoked. This seems to be attributed to the 21 common diseases that maybe caused by cigarette smoking. Data was collected from group studies in the United States that followed smokers and non-smokers between 2000 and 2011. A study that included men and women who were age 55 or older. As a result, they found that the participant’s mortality rates were higher due to diseases that had not been formally recognized as being triggered by cigarette smoking.

1. Lung disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Technically any disease or disorder in which lung function is impaired is considered a lung disease. Some common respiratory diseases are Bronchitis, asthma, allergies, and hay fever. First, bronchitis is is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, and less air is able to flow into the lungs, and mucus begins to form. This disease is usually come the environment, such as inhaling certain chemicals, cigarette smoke, fumes from hairspray. Prescription drugs can reduce inflammation, prevent music buildup, and stop bacterial infections. Next is asthma. It is a long-term, chronic inflammatory disorder that blocks airflow into and out of the lungs. Symptoms include

Chronic diseases are multi-causal and complex diseases; no single factor is responsible for its causes (WHO, 2015). Poor lifestyle behaviors like poor diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol and tobacco use are significant contributors in the development and progression of chronic diseases (Steyn, K., & Damasceno, A., 2006; Golubic, M., 2013). The continuity of these poor lifestyle behaviors throughout a person life can give rise to various chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, overweight, obesity. These chronic conditions if not treated and managed at time can lead to chronic diseases (Golubic, M., 2013).The amounts of evidence have shown that tobacco use in any form such as cigarrate smoking and chewing tobacco is associated with increase in the rates of hospitalization, complications, and mortality due to lung cancer (71%), chronic respiratory diseases (42%), heart diseases (10%), and various other types of cancers such as lip cancer, cancer of oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, lungs, uterus, cervix, bladder, and kidney cancer (Boffetta, P., & Straif, K., 200 9; Lind et al., 2010).

One of the hardest things in life is saying goodbye to the ones you love for the very last time. Smoking is a life-threatening addiction that has brought this tragedy to millions of families at an accelerated pace and not all have been those who do smoke. No one wants to have to deal with tragedy, but nowadays there may be no way to avoid it. Unless, that is, our government intervenes, and puts something into place to end the threat of Secondhand Smoke exposure. I believe the one thing that can be done to avoid this exposure, leading to the unwanted tragedy, is a nationwide public smoking ban. Everyone says that Smoking or not is your choice. While that is true, the effects that come of it are not. When a person smokes everyone around them is exposed. Smokers may be okay with taking a chance of dying over it, but are others willing to allow their Husband, wife, son, Daughter, or other family members to die over it as well?