SOLAR TRACKING FOR OPTIMUM POWER GENERATION
NAME: - PRITAM PHILIP KISKU
ID: - 201201005
INTRODUCTION “An embedded system is a system that has a software embedded into computer-hardware, which makes a system dedicated for an application(s) or specific part of an application or product or part of a larger system.” – Embedded Systems by McGraw-Hill Education. The topic of the case study is “Solar Tracking for Optimum Power Generation”.
The demand for energy is increasing day-by-day and has led to uneven global distribution of primary energy consumption. The non-renewable energy resources like coal and petroleum will eventually run out. So the only option left will be renewable energy resources like sun, wind, waves and
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ADC used in the circuit converts analog signals to digital signals. It is done because digital signals have less chance of interference during transmission.
CdS light sensors are used to detect intensity of sunlight. There are four such sensors connected to balance sensor which is further connected to ADC to detect through which angle the panel is to be rotated.
Step motor drivers and step motors rotate the solar panel in the required angle and direction.
Array of solar panels absorb solar energy.
SOFTWARE TOOLS
For the EDA (electronic design automation) hardware development tool, Altera’s Quartus II software is used for compilation and programming of the FPGA. The Block Editor is used to generate the upper Block Design File (.bdf). This software provides design entry methods such as VHDL, Verilog HDL, Altera Hardware Description Language (AHDL) and ModelSim software for system simulation. The MegaWizard Plug-In-Manager is used to generate low-order VHDL design files.
SPECIFICATIONS NIOS II EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
The Nios II processor is a general-purpose RISC processor core with the following features: -
Full 32-bit instruction set, data path and address space
32 general-purpose registers
Memory management unit (MMU) to support operating systems that require MMUs
Software development environment based on the GNU C/C++ tool chain and the Nios II Software Build Tools (SBT) for Eclipse
Optional memory protection unit (MPU)
A Nios II
The creation of solar energy requires little maintenance and solar electricity power plants produce zero emissions. Solar power plants use two different types of technologies: Concentrated solar power and Photovoltaic systems. Concentrated solar power plants, also known as “concentrated solar thermal”, uses solar thermal energy to make steam that is converted into electricity by a turbine. A photovoltaic system, also known as solar panels, generates electricity from sunlight. It is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy.
if the battery is fully charged it shows and display that the battery is charged and MPPT get off but if the battery is not charged it checks that the sun light is available or not as it is day time or night ?if night it displays that the battery is not charged and MPPT gets off if there were day it senses the solar position to sense the best voltage to charge the battery if there is problem in sensing it changes the position as if there is need to change the position of panel it generates PWM to move panel and displays solar panel tracking message. If there is no need to change the position of panel MPPT starts sensing the PV Volt and the current then it displays the charging current and so the algorithm reaches to its
This section gives the details and specification of the hardware on which the system is expected to work.
The processor (otherwise known as CPU) is the very soul and performance core of the computer system; it is what allows the operating system and other software applications to-run. Every program demands dedication from the processor to decode commands that are then actionedinside the CPU to make them work.When a program is running, the CPU has to make every command work consistently one after the other. However, modern processors have the power to process commands side by side. This means that the quicker the commands are executed, the quicker the program responds to the user. Central Processing Units (CPUs) play an important role when it comes to maintaining
Photovoltaic (PV) is the most common solar collector used today; an example is the panels people put on rooftops or vending machines.
How does it work? Musk says, “that the panels draw from handy fusion reactor in the sky known as the sun.” What exactly does that mean? Solar panel store energy during the day and the extra solar energy are used to run your home at night, or can even be used as a backup during a power outage.
Recently, the price of unrenewable energy resource such as oil, coral and natural gas is increasing by time because of rare and more and more usage for individual and industries. Solar panels which use energy from Sun are considered as renewable energy through the form of solar radiation, UV. Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they
Renewable energy sources like solar, wind and hydroelectric are available but are not used often. I want us to put a limit on countries on how much non-renewable energy sources they can use. Only if we work together, help the other countries can we accomplish this. In fact, just today(1/24) Scotland has set a goal for using 50% renewable energy by 2030. I think that Scotland has set a realistic goal and that other countries should follow their lead. Non-renewable energy sources are bound to run out and when they do, we can either be ready by using renewable energy or have a global crisis. One of the best renewable energy sources currently is solar energy. Solar panels cost very little to install and have little to no maintenance. The sun provides us with more energy than we need. In fact, in just over an hour, the sun provides enough energy to run the world for an entire year. Even with the current 20% efficient solar panels, we could easily solve our energy problem. Therefore, by beginning to transition to solar energy today, we will be preventing a catastrophe of
Various solar cells electrically connected with one another and mounted in a support structure or frame is known as a photovoltaic module. Modules are intended
cell is measured by the ratio of the amount of solar energy it converts to electrical energy to the
Boost converter is connected to a solar panel in source side which is used in order to enhance the output voltage that can be used for different applications.
For solar panels, sufficient sunlight is required each day to be a viable sustainable energy source. In London, there are many tall buildings which would have good solar exposure, but would also cast shadows on other areas. Scientists can use modelling to map the renewable energy potential in particular areas. LiDAR can show the heights of buildings and variation in height, as well as roof slope and other aspect data using Geographic
This chapter introduces different components of the experimental apparatus, including the model numbers for the motherboard and power supply. Based on previous research, three different Intel processors were selected and investigated in this study, including I5-4670K, Pentium G3258 and I7-4770K. These processors are compatible with LGA 1150 socket on the motherboard after significant processor modifications described in this section.
Solar energy may define as the energy received by the earth from the sun. This solar energy is in the form of solar radiation. With the help of solar cells, solar radiation can convert into electricity. Sun is a highly powerful energy source, humans and natures are directly depending on the sun. For example in hydro-electricity the solar energy needed for the evaporation of water after that it returns to earth as rain and provides water in dams. In biomass, the solar energy used that process. Solar cells directly converted solar radiation into electricity, during the process time there is no noise or pollution are there. These cells made with some semiconducting materials. If use solar cells in our home it will help to reduce the greenhouse gas emission, minimise the percentage of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere and mainly reduce the necessity of fossil fuels and natural gas use to produce electricity. According to the Ben Sorensen, solar energy is one of a good source of substitute energy, for the reason that it is renewable, economical and does not pollute our environment. Thus, this essay will be divided into three parts. Firstly, we will talk about fossil fuels and its demerits. Secondly, we will look at the issues and implications of solar energy. Finally, we will focus on the advantageous and disadvantageous of solar energy respectively.
solar cars are vehicle which used for land transport. It is an electric vehicle powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels. It consist from