Revista Tecnológica ESPOL, Vol. xx, N. xx, pp-pp, (Mes, 200x)
Soldabilidad de varillas con resaltes de acero al carbono laminadas en caliente para hormigón armado.
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Rodrigo Corral Franco1, Julián Peña Estrella2 Ingeniero Mecánico, 2MSc Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador rodrigoxcf@hotmail.com, jpena@espol.edu.ec
Resumen
Actualmente el mercado de la construcción carece de los parámetros que rigen el uso de empalmes soldados en las barras corrugadas de acero al carbono, aun cuando el Código Ecuatoriano de la Construcción delega la responsabilidad de fijar estos parámetros al Código D1.4 de la Sociedad Americana de Soldadura. El
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Las especificaciones ASTM para varillas de refuerzo, excepto la ASTM A706, deben complementarse para requerir un informe de las propiedades del material necesarias para cumplir con los procedimientos de soldadura especificados, en el Código de Soldadura del Acero de Refuerzo (AWS D 1.4) de la Sociedad Americana de Soldadura. Debido al incremento en el costo de los materiales de construcción, los constructores hacen uso de cualquier método para disminuir sus costos de mano de obra, y uno de estos métodos es el de reemplazar los empalmes con alambre de una armadura de varilla, con puntos de soldadura. Esta practica fue analizada en la Tesis de Grado “Estudio Sobre el Efecto de los Puntos de Soldadura en las propiedades Mecánicas de los Hierros Corrugados de Producción Nacional”, dando como una de sus conclusiones (la No. 11) que “De los ensayos realizados, se concluye que estos aceros no son recomendables para ser soldados en las condiciones en que este trabajo actualmente se realiza”. Sin embargo esto no debe ser motivo para evitar las uniones soldadas en las varillas de construcción, en vista que la tesis de grado en referencia se realizo en el año 1981, es la intención de la presente investigación de tesis de grado el seguir los lineamientos del
Located in the dry Peruvian coastal plain, some 400 km south of Lima, the geoglyphs of Nazca or Nasca and the pampas of Jumana cover approximately 450 km2. The lines were scratched on the surface of the ground between 500 B.C. and A.D. 500. (Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana) The Nazca Lines were designed within the ground by removing the iron oxide coated reddish pebbles that lie on the surface and uncovering a deeper whitish or grayish colored earth underneath. The color of the newly exposed earth creates a vivid contrast that allows for the numerous well defined lines and creations. The figures range in size and the largest design is over six hundred and sixty feet across.
Complete this week’s lab by filling in your responses to the questions from Geoscience Laboratory. Select answers are provided for you in red font to assist you with your lab work. Although you are only required to respond to the questions in this worksheet, you are encouraged to answer others from the text on your own.
The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of various pHs, temperatures, chemical
Located near the Pacific Ocean in Sinaloa, Mexico. There is a small town called Piaxtla de Abajo. This is the town where my father lived until he was 17 years old. In this town everyone knows each other. But where my father actually lived was in the street “Laguna.”
Ecuador is a small country on the Pacific coast of South America. It is bisected laterally by the equator, and longitudinally by the Andes. The Andes divide the country’s mainland into three distinct regions, the coast to the west, the mountains, and the rainforest to the east. It is the Andes that this paper is focused on, giving special attention to the mountain Cotopaxi.
The country of Ecuador is the smallest places in South America and it is border by Peru, Colombia, and the Pacific Ocean. Even being a small country they are divide into 4 primary geographic areas or regions-the costa, the sierra, the Orienta, and the Galapagos Islands (Colleen 9). The 1st region is the costa is the plain along the coast and covers ¼ of the area and is west of the Andes with 3 types of ecosystems: the tropical rain forest, the dry deserts, and the tropical savannas (9, 11) The next one is the sierra where the Andes Mountains are home in the central highlands along with other volcanoes (9, 12). Also, the
The ancient civilization of Nazca is long disappeared and has granted one of the most significant legacies of ancient Peruvian culture. The Nazca has not only etched their mark into the surface of the Nazca Desert but they left a mark that continues to intrigue scientists and modern society in the present day. Actually, the Nazca left behind thousands of marks in the forms of various shapes, designs, mythological creatures, and a variety of intricate geometric lines. It is evident that the popularity of the Nazca Lines continues to gain momentum as the previous lines are studied and awed over as well as the new geoglyphs are still being discovered at this present time.
Ecuador is a small country on the Pacific coast of South America. It is bisected laterally by the equator, and longitudinally by the Andes. The Andes divide the country’s mainland into three distinct regions, the coast to the west, the mountains, and the rainforest to the east. The Ecuadorian Andes are extremely volcanic, containings most of the active volcanoes in the Northern Andes Volcanic Zone. Of these volcanoes, one of the most well-known is Cotopaxi. Easily visible and recognizable from the capital city of Quito, Cotopaxi is one of the most historically active volcanoes in the country, with eruptions happening on average every 120 years (Aguilera, Pareschi, Rosi, and Zanchetta, 2004, p. 187). It is also one of the most dangerous
To begin the experiment all of the equipment was collected. This included a cake pan, Pasteur pipette, eye dropper with rubber bulb, 10 mL graduated cylinder, oleic acid, small test tube, lycopodium powder, glass plate, wax pencil, transfer paper, and scissors. To begin the cake pan was cleaned using distilled water and glassware soap. It is made sure that there is no residue left on the pan. Any residue left would have affected the results of the experiment. Next, the bulb was removed from the eye dropper and placed on the Pasteur pipette. Subsequently, the 10 mL graduated cylinder was filled with around 2mL of oleic acid, and the amount of oleic acid in the graduated cylinder was recorded as the initial volume. A small amount of oleic acid
The plastic and cedar direct materials both had unfavorable flexible-budget variances. It is unfavorable because they under budgeted the cost of the direct materials they were going to purchase. This could have been caused by a sudden increase in the cost of buying the materials, or they switched suppliers and had to pay more. The cedar also had an unfavorable price and efficiency variance, while the plastic had an unfavorable efficiency variance. In order to improve this, they need to try to stay consistent with their suppliers so that there is less of a variance. They also need to watch market trends more to see whether people are wanting to buy bird houses, because if they are, then they should budget a higher number of units sold, or vice versa. The company also needs to be more efficient on how they use their materials. For example, the workers need to not use too much or too little cedar when making a bird house, or else
Cova d’en Xoroi bar is nestled in the beautiful caves of the cliffs of Cala n’ Porter, Menorca. Known simply as the caves, it is open from morning to dawn and it provides its patrons with a selection of best cocktails accompanied by quality services. Furthermore, the pub also provides some of the most breathtaking, spectacular views of the sea and is a great vantage point to witness a sunset. By night, the place becomes alive with people dancing to the music played by the best international DJs, partying the night away.
Carbon dioxide due to human activity has been greatly increasing. However the effect of this gas’ amounts rising may not have detrimental effects. Therefore this task is set to further see if the consequence of most human industrial activity can have a positive outcome. An elodea will be
The cost should not exceed $ 20 for the materials, which will also inculcate a $ 6.3 for the labor costs. The product also covers the strain of accomplishing specific set objectives that are layered on safety. This involves the heavy base which can carry heavy load, and also sustain outside natural disasters. The product is made of cardboard, magazine and plastic wrap which is used to act as a reinforcing cover against rains and heat from the sun. the product can allow the client to procure voluminous products based on the requirements.
Some of the resulting design changes were quite straightforward and even, in retrospect, obvious. Yet the team acknowledged that the new ideas didn’t click until the teardown, when the evidence was spread out on the table for discussion. By modifying the cover of one type of household fan, for example, the team made it unnecessary to include an internal bracket assembly that had supported the original cover—a savings of 7 percent per unit. This change, like most cost-saving opportunities the team identified, was invisible to customers and didn’t matter to them (for an example of one model, see diagram).
Empresa La Polar nace como una sastrería en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile en el sector de Estación Central en el año 1920. Treinta años después cambia la propiedad, ampliando el giro hacia la venta de varios productos. En 1989 incorpora a su negocio la tarjeta de crédito LA POLAR. En 1999 ingresa Southern Cross Group, generándose una reestructuración y un nuevo plan estratégico.