Sources of Long-term Finance
19.1 Introduction
As you are aware finance is the life blood of business. It is of vital significance for modern business which requires huge capital. Funds required for a business may be classified as long term and short term. You have learnt about short term finance in the previous lesson. Finance is required for a long period also. It is required for purchasing fixed assets like land and building, machinery etc. Even a portion of working capital, which is required to meet day to day expenses, is of a permanent nature. To finance it we require long term capital. The amount of long term capital depends upon the scale of business and nature of business. In this lesson, you will learn about various sources of
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Shares:
These are issued to the general public. These may be of two types: (i) Equity and (ii) Preference. The holders of shares are the owners of the business.
2.
Debentures:
These are also issued to the general public. The holders of debentures are the creditors of the company.
3.
Public Deposits :
General public also like to deposit their savings with a popular and well established company which can pay interest periodically and pay-back the deposit when due.
4.
Retained earnings:
The company may not distribute the whole of its profits among its shareholders. It may retain a part of the profits and utilize it as capital.
5.
Term loans from banks:
Many industrial development banks, cooperative banks and commercial banks grant medium term loans for a period of three to five years.
6.
Loan from financial institutions:
There are many specialised financial institutions established by the Central and State governments which give long term loans at reasonable rate of interest. Some of these institutions are: Industrial Finance Corporation of India ( IFCI), Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI), Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI), Unit Trust of India ( UTI ), State Finance Corporations etc. These sources of long term finance will be discussed in the next lesson.
Sources of Long-term finance :: 33
Intext Question 19.1
A. Fill in the blanks with
Long-term financing means a financing provided to an organization for a period longer than a year. This is done typically for companies who do not have enough capital or for potential home owners. Mortgages are considered long-term loans.
When you buy stock you are purchasing a part of a corporation. The ownership of the corporation is divided into shares of common
A debenture is “an unsecured bond, and as such, it has no lien against specific property as security for the obligation. For example, Mid-Texas Healthcare System has $5 million of debentures outstanding. These bonds are not secured by real property but are backed instead by the revenue-producing power of the corporation” (Gapenski, 2008, p.345). Debenture holders are, “therefore, general creditors whose claims, in the event of bankruptcy, are protected by property not otherwise pledged. In practice, the use of debentures depends on the nature of the firm’s assets and general credit strength” (Gapenski, 2008, p. 345).
15) If a corporation has only one class of stock, it is referred to as
There are many types of short-term consumer loans. Below is a list of some of those loans:
Open site there will be application forms fill that form by entering all your basic personal details. You’ll be asked for your bank details for financiers to deposit money directly on your bank account.
There are several options you can apply for personal loans in the UK. These loans are available for both long term and short term. Long term loans are provided for the payment of long-term options with relatively low interest rates on short-term loans as useful for the purpose of short-term repayment terms and interest rates are slightly higher high. Most long-term loans are secured loans. On the other hand, short-term loans are unsecured. You only need to select an appropriate offer according to your needs.
Back home on the Blackfeet reservation in East Glacier, Montana, the wind would be howling
a) Debentures: a debenture is an unsecure bond certificate that does not hold any claims on assets of firms. In case of company liquidation debenture certificate holders becomes a general creditor without any priority of claim on the company’s assets.
The various features of preferred stock are usually (i) preference to dividends, (ii) preference to assets in the event of liquidation, (iii) convertible into common stock, (iv) callable at the option of the corporation and (v) nonvoting.
7-1 “Debt includes all borrowing incurred by a firm, including bonds, and is repaid according to a fixed schedule of payments and Equity consists of funds provided by firm’s owners, and the stock(pg272).”
Stockholders expect dividend but it is not promised (Gittman, 2004). Common stocks are hold by true owners of the business. Sometimes they are known as ‘residual owners’ as they receive whatever left after winding up of the company (Gittman, 2004; Higgins 1995). Another type of stock is known as publicly owned stock. Common stock owned by a broad group of unrelated investors or institutional investors is called as publicly owned stock. However, all common stock of a
Limited liability: Liability of shareholder is limited to the extent of the investment made. If the company runs into losses, the share of loss over and above the capital investment would not be borne by the investor.
Many organizations have maximized the use of cash on hand by effective cash management techniques and the use of short-term financing. This paper will discuss various cash management techniques and short-term financing methods used by organizations.
Debentures are likewise considered as a credit stocks that check by a dependence deed. Credit shares and debentures are every now and again alluded to as bonds in distinctive parts of