Spitzer Space Telescope Research Paper

“classified Hubble as a Cassegrain reflector, who was among the first to suggest a basic optical design.”1 The Hubble space telescope was launched and deployed in April of 1990, which “marked the most significant advance in astronomy since Galileo's telescope. Thanks to four servicing missions and more than 25 years of operation, the view of the universe and humanity's place within it has never been the same.” 2 In describing how

- 1 -acquired the mountain of information, photographs and previously unknown details that have come forth over the last decade. Indeed, the proficiency of the Hubble Space Telescope has allowed mankind to delve far

In line with its already established reputation, Hubble (http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/) , along with the Herschel (https://herschel.jpl.nasa.gov/) space telescope, was recently used to peer back in time in order to provide astronomers with an idea of how galaxies within the vast expanse of the Universe have undergone dramatic trasnforsatioms over the last eight billion years ro so.

The Hubble Space Telescope has been sent into space to take pictures of our universe. Hubble has made more than 1.2 million observations since its launch on 1990. The Hubble weighs 27,000 pounds. It does not travel, it just takes

The Hubble Space Telescope is the first major telescope that was placed in space. It has been in operation for over twenty-five years, and has greatly changed our knowledge of the universe. It can observe galaxies and stars that are very far away since it is not blocked at all by light pollution and smog that obstructs the views of the telescopes on Earth. Hubble is fascinating because it was and still is the most revolutionary telescope since Galileo first looked through one over four hundred years ago. Hubble played a large role in helping scientists discover and learn about many things like dark matter and dark energy, the age of the universe, and gamma ray bursts. None of these discoveries would have been possible without Hubble’s unique view of the universe.

The telescope is an optical instrument designed to make distant objects appear nearer. It contains an arrangement of lenses or mirrors or both that gathers visible light, permitting direct observation or photographic recording of distant objects. (Lacki, B. C. 2011). With the use of telescopes we have been able to learn a lot more about the planets in our universe. It has helped us understand about some of the history of everything around us. Also it has been able to track asteroids and comets or any randomly flying objet in outer space that might become threatening to our planet.

The Hubble costs about 2.5 billion dollars to make. Also it has 6 cameras and sensors. It was launched in the honor of Edwin Hubble (also why the telescope was named after Edwin). As the telescope goes around in orbit with a light spectrum from the ultraviolet to near infrared it is able to take some very incredibly close and clear images. The telescope uses a digital camera to capture all of the great images and uses radio waves to send the pictures through air back to the Earth so we all are able to see what great things are happening outside of the Earth. With all of the information we get from the telescope we are able to stars being born and stars die. We are able to see galaxies that trillion miles away. It was able to see a comet pieces crash into gases above Jupiter. Also, we have been to discover moons that are around pluto that have never been able to see before. Additionally, we are able to understand how planets and galaxies form. We have so much information and have discovered so many new things from the Hubble Space

The only thing standing in Edwin’s way of getting a clean picture of the stars was this thing known as the Earth’s atmosphere, which because of the fluidic gas and dust that make up the atmosphere it often “blurs visible light, causing stars to twinkle and making it difficult to see faint stars.”(Dunbar) As this makes his job virtually impossible, a German scientist comes up with the idea of a telescope in space to not only see farther but also to see clearer, this was a crucial turning point in Hubble’s findings and will eventually lead to the one of the greatest and most recognized theories around the world.

On April 24th of 1990, The Hubble Space Telescope was launched. This was an important event for NASA, because they finally had something to looked further into the space. The Hubble Space Telescope was known as (HST), and it was sent to orbit around our earthly planet. Did you know it took only 97 minutes to orbit around our planet? Hubble Space Telescope helped change the NASA’s thought on the universe because,

This has helped us learn far more about the origins of our Universe and the formation of galaxies from around a billion years after the creation of the Universe, where the galaxies appear to be very shapeless and small, to today where they are larger and formed into spirals or discs. The Hubble Space Telescope has helped pinpoint the age of the Universe to 13.7 billion years22 by studying 31 Cepheid variable stars22, whose fluctuating brightness can be used to calculate their distance thus the expansion and therefore age of the Universe. Knowing the age of the Universe helps astronomers and cosmologists model the Universe and its evolution over its lifetime accurately, which is immensely valuable information to

This essay took you through the implications of the telescope to our understanding of the universe, the telescope's discoveries, , the Hubble space telescope’s description, and Hubble’s life story. As a wise man once said, “We find them smaller and fainter, in constantly increasing numbers, and we know that we are reaching into space, farther and farther, until, with the faintest nebulae that can be detected with the greatest telescopes, we arrive at the frontier of the known universe.”- Edwin

In 1936, George Hale designed the 200-inch telescope. After Hale’s death in 1938, Edwin Hubble directed the completion of the telescope in 1948 and discovered the Hubble Variable Nebulae when using the telescope for the first time in January 1949. The telescope would be the largest the largest in the world until 1976. This telescope, considered Hubble’s last contribution to astronomy, has led to the discovery of quasars, black holes, and comets. The telescope is still used every night for astronomical

The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope that was launched into space in 1990, April 24th. Its primary function was to take pictures of stars, planets, moons, galaxies, etc. This type of telescope is different from a telescope such as the Hooker Telescope as it is in space, rather than on Earth, and was used for different things. Over the many years that this extraordinary telescope has orbited in space, it has helped scientists with many new discoveries and refined previous theories or beliefs. One of the biggest discoveries this telescope has made is the discovery of galaxies that we did not know of previously because they were so far away. This discovery was very important as it has lead scientists to calculating a more accurate age of the universe. The Hubble Space Telescope made this discovery by observing Cepheid variables, which are stars with the same average brightness. Although, their brightness is essentially the same, the stars would seem either brighter or dimmer depending on its position in relation to Earth. For example, if one Cepheid variable was 100,000 light years away and another Cepheid variable was 200,000 light years away, the second star would seem dimmer as it is further away from the Earth and our perspective makes it look like it is not as bright. Scientists can use this observation to work out around how far away a Cepheid variable, and ultimately a galaxy, is from the Earth. Using this information and the pictures taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, scientists were able to work out a more accurate age of the universe which was around 13.75 billion years old. Without this sort of technology, we wouldn’t know as much about the universe as we do now and we may not have been able to refine our knowledge on the age of the universe. To sum up, the Hubble Space Telescope is an important piece of

The Hubble Space Telescope is one of the most amazing machines in orbit right now. In 1946, an astrophysicist named Dr. Lyman Spitzer proposed that a telescope in space would reveal better and clearer images that are even far from earth than any ground telescope. This idea was very extravagant because no one had yet launched a rocket into outer space. As the US space program excelled quickly over the early years, Spitzer lobbied NASA and Congress to develop a space telescope. In 1975, the European Space Agency and NASA began to develop the telescope that would change astronomy for ever. In 1977, Congress approved funding for the development of the space telescope and NASA named Lockheed Martin Aerospace Company as the prime contractor

As stated on nasa.gov, “Hubble has made more than 1.2 million observations since it’s missions began in 1990.” Hubble has also expanded astronomers knowledge about the universe and space as a whole. The most famous observation made by this telescope was that of galaxies beyond our own, Milky Way, and discovering that the universe is much larger than further predicted. Before this telescope, ground based telescopes could only see into our galaxy and could not reach any further. Therefore, it was thought that the Milky Way was the only galaxy included in space and the universe. Due to the fact, Hubble’s telescope, expands and allows for the study across a wider light spectrum, astronomers can see beyond further predicted. Another famous observation, studied by astronomers was that of the study of uncharted territories of the cosmos. As proposed on hubblesite.org, “It became increasingly clear to astronomers that Earth’s atmosphere distorted starlight, which made it difficult to obtain razor-sharp views of celestial objects. The idea of placing a telescope in space, above Earth’s turbulent air, had been kicked around for several years. But scientists pondered how to transport a telescope into space.” That was until, Hubble’s creation that displayed imagery of the cosmos. Once again it had accomplished a feat that had troubled ground based telescopes. In