Sports Medicine Shoulder Injuries Shoulder injuries are a very common injury that occurs in most sports. All injuries and the rehabilitation done to the injured shoulder are based on the anatomy and structures of the shoulder. Doctors have developed different tests for evaluating the degree and seriousness of injured shoulders. Some have also developed different phases a person must go through to properly rehabilitate the shoulder. The shoulder is a ball and socket joint which allows it a flexion and extension motion.
The shoulder is made up of two bones: the ball end called the humerus and the socket end called the scapula. It is held together by a semi complex series
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The biggest difference is if a surgeon looks at an MRI it looks like a shoulder but if a surgeon looks at an ultrasound it may look like a snow storm. *insert article *attachedBesides being able to see the inside of a shoulder, doctors use different physical tests to evaluate the shoulder in order to determine what type of injury and how severe an injury may be. One such test was recently developed by Dr. Carl J. Basamania at the Womack Army Medical center in Fort Bragg, N.C. The test was developed to evaluate shoulder instability in a patient. During the test the Dr. or examiner stands next to the patient who is to lay flat on his/her back. The hand of the examined should is held firmly by the examiner. The examiner then pushes against the clavicle to stabilize th scapula, while they also gently hold the pectoral muscle with their thumb in order to be able to assess relaxation. The examiner then rotates the arm form neutral to full external rotation. If the patient has AIGHL incompetence there is a lack of tightening as the arm reaches full external rotation. The test has appeared to be highly accurate and may be of value to Dr.'s and surgeons alike. After doctors have determined what type and what degree of injury a patient has sustained using various tests it is on to the next step, rehabilitation. *insert article* attachedThere are four phases
Four muscles that are attached to the shoulder blade make up the rotator cuff. These muscles work together to ensure the shoulder moves and rotates properly. If the muscles become inflamed or torn, you will struggle
Many different muscles and joints used in shot putting. The shoulder muscle and joints around it are very important in performing. As part of the humerus bone, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral jointwork together to inhibit shoulder movement. Specifically, the glenohumeral joint allows complete range of motion for the shoulder because it is technically the “ball and socket.” Therefore, the joints in the humerus part of the muscle help the athlete to have a steady and controlled throw. In addition, before the shot is released, the arm can helped be controlled by the joints in the shoulder. Muscles associated with the shoulder that provides mobility and strength to the shoulder joints are the rotator cuff muscles. The rotator cuff muscles actually hold the ball in the socket. Without the rotator cuff muscles, the muscles joints would not function properly. They are important for providing strength to the shoulder as the athlete performs. When the athlete has the shot at its initial point, the rotator cuff muscles will move as the athlete prepares to throw (Shoulder).
Instability Impingement. This occurs in younger patients, typically 15-30 years old. The rotator cuff is irritated because the shoulder is loose in the socket. This often happens in baseball pitchers, swimmers, and other throwing athletes. Shoulder instability can be classified into two different types, dislocations and subluxations. Dislocations happen when the head of the humerus completely pops out of the socket. The first few times this happens, it is usually with significant trauma although some people can have these without any injury at all. After that, it can get easier and easier for the joint to dislocate. Most shoulder dislocations are anterior - this means that the ball pops out the front of the socket. Subluxations are the feeling that the shoulder slips slightly out of socket, then immediately comes back in place. This often happens without any major trauma. Sometimes it happens in people who are very "loose-jointed". Sometimes these happen in just one direction like out the front, "anterior", and other times they happen out multiple directions like the front and back,
Ball and socket joint – the rounded head of one bone sits within the cup of another, such as the hip joint or shoulder joint. Movement in all directions is allowed. The ball and socket joint allows a greater range of movement than the pivot joint at the neck.
A shoulder is one of the most complex joints of the body. The anatomy of the shoulder starts where the humerus fits into the scapula almost as if it were mimicking a ball and socket. The scapula has a little tip of itself overlooking the tendons of the shoulder called the acromion and a bit of itself fanning out, a part called the coracoid. Also connected to the scapula is the clavicle or collarbone. Another very important component to the shoulder is the rotator cuff, this is the most vital part to rotator cuff tendonitis. It is composed of four muscles and of various tendons that surround the shoulder socket that allow it to connect the upper arm and the shoulder blade together. Protecting the rotator cuff is is a small sac of fluid called a bursa. The humerus fits relatively loosely into the shoulder joint. This gives the shoulder a wide range of motion, but also makes it vulnerable to injury.
For shoulder flexion 61% of the variance could be accounted for by the sit-and-reach. A correlation was also found between the modified sit-and-reach test and both the shoulder extension and hip flexion tests. For shoulder extension 33% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach and for hip flexion 22% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach.
The glenohumeral (shoulder) joint involves three bones: the scapula (shoulder blade), the clavicle (collar bone) and the humerus (upper arm bone). The humeral head rests in a shallow socket on the scapula called the glenoid. The humeral head is much larger than the glenoid, so a soft fibrous tissue called the labrum surrounds the glenoid to help deepen and stabilize the joint. The labrum deepens the glenoid by up to 50% so that the head of the humerus fits better.1 It also serves as an attachment site for several ligaments, such as the inferior glenohumeral ligament. It is the primary stabilizer of the shoulder beyond 60° of abduction.1 Superior labrum anterior-to-posterior (SLAP) tears have been found to occur from increased strain in the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex and a decreased ability to resist external rotation forces.
A largest and the most complex joint in our body is a shoulder joint. Shoulder joints form when the humerus bone fits into the scapula thus creates a ball and socket structure. Ligament, muscles, padding, tendons, cartilage are totally comprised by the shoulder joint. When anything goes wrong the total mobility of shoulder becomes painful and discomfort. Some common problems affect shoulders such as Nerve compression, Arthritis, Rotating cuff problem, arthroscopy, and shoulder joint dislocation.
Shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint between the shoulder blade and upper arm. It is the most mobile joint of the body. There is capsule which is two layers of members surrounding the joint. Around the capsule, there are some bursae--small fluid-filled sacs to assist the mobility. The shoulder joint is a muscle-dependent joint because it lacks strong ligaments.
Typical strength ratios for the ER and IR of the shoulder have been accounted for to be 2:3 roughly 66% in ordinary. Keeping up a balance of quality between the external and internal rotators of the shoulder is basic for typical muscular force couple activity and, along these lines, fundamental for glenohumeral steadiness. An interruption of these quality proportions will at last influence regulation of the humeral head inside the glenoid cavity. Assessing the muscular strength balance of the internal and external rotators is of crucial significance when deciphering interpreting upper limb strength tests [7]. Ellenbecker et al. (2000),.
The GH (shoulder joint) is structurally classified as a synovial ball (head of humerous) and socket joint (glenoid
Researchers have shown that falling on your shoulder causes eighty-five percent of fractures to the collarbone. Also, the other fifteen percent is caused from direct impact and fall onto your hand. The majority of collarbone injuries happen to people who are involved in sports or other physical activities. With that said, it is important that everyone is aware that by playing sports or just falling on your shoulder you have a risk of having a broken or fractured collarbone. Everyone should always be cautious about their surroundings, because you could slip on something and easily fall onto your shoulder, which could lead to a collarbone injury.
The cause is unknown but it is believed that thickening and contraction of the glenohumeral joint capsule and the consequent formation of adhesions cause pain and loss of movement. It can occur spontaneously or following an injury to the shoulder (rotator cuff injury) or a period of immobilisation. Diagnosis is made upon history and examination, and the main diagnostic test is the patient’s inability to externally rotate the shoulder, other movements such as abduction and internal
The shoulder joint is extremely flexible compared to the rest of the joints in the body. This flexibility is partly due to the fact that it is a ball and socket joint. By being a ball and socket joint it means that it is capable of circumduction, angular, and rotational movement. It allows one’s arm to move up, down, to the right, to the left, and in a circle. Because it has a large range of movement, it is unstable and easily damaged. To make up for this, it has many ligaments and tendons to keep it in place. In addition, it also has the glenoid labrum which deepens the shallow glenoid cavity and makes it more stable.
The rehabilitation program began after 2 weeks they got shoulder dislocate and it were confirm by physician. The study was conducted with comparison between the injured and non-injured shoulder which served as control condition this study. Six weeks was duration to complete this study and participant to engage in progressive resistive loads/ duration using elastic band and weight 5 days per week. Pre-test and post-test were includes to measured strength and range of motion. Overall, the rehabilitation program proposed in this study was effective to improving strength and range of motion in the injured shoulder as evidenced by the similarity in post-test value between the injured and uninjured