Strengths Of Personal Construct Theory

The Las Vegas and Atlantic City locations have lost revenues in recent years. In addition to the economic slowdown, these gambling locations are also facing new competitors in the market that are providing attractive choices to the customers. Though there are some external forces beyond their control, it seems that attractiveness and accessibility are very important focus areas for these cities.

Trait theories assume people have many traits that are continuing qualities that individuals have in different amounts. Allport’s theory suggests that there are 3 main traits: central, secondary, and cardinal. A central trait is a characteristic that controls and organizes behavior in various situations. A secondary trait can be described as a preference and is specific to certain situations. A cardinal trait is very general and pervasive. It is so pervasive that an individual is governed by it and it dictates everything a person does.

The trait theory is broken down into categories as well. More interesting in my opinion. The study of our biological and psychological contributing to crime. Who thought of this stuff? I’m not sure that with as minimal education as our forefathers had compared to us that this would have ever came to my mind. There are two branches to contemporary trait theories biological and psychological.

Abuse of power is demonstrated in many areas of Orwell’s novel and it clearly indicates that Orwell is not a Marxist. This is shown through manipulating all the animals, altering the commandments, and it is distinctly visible when almost all the animals fear the pigs. As days go on, there is always something different about the farm yet no one ever says a word, “Curiously enough, Clover had not remembered that the fourth commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall, it must have done so,” Orwell, pg.79. Some animals recognize the changes and adjustments but because of the deficiency in education they all have, it becomes difficult for anyone to say anything. Clover, the motherly mare, notices that the pigs are sleeping upon beds which according to her were breaking one of the commandments. Although she knows this is a violation of the rules, she stays quiet and silently questions all the actions the pigs continue to take. This is an internal conflict that Clover is experiencing who mentally observes all the manipulating and controlling the pigs do with all the farm animals. She realizes this is all wrong but does not want to get involved. The pigs, specifically Napoleon, change the commandments knowing that not all the animals get fully educated enough to comprehend what each means and in result he, therefore, gets to manipulate the animals into doing anything he wants. The pigs see that all the animals will accept any changes made without arguing because in

Kim, M. (2009). Trait theory. In S. W. Littlejohn & K. A. Foss (Eds.), Encyclopedia of communication theory (Vol. 2, pp. 964-966). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi: 10.4135/9781412959384.n380

There are five key constructs to the social cognitive theory these are; knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectation, goal formation and sociostructural factors. Each of these key concepts plays a certain role as the social cognitive theory intertwines with the health behavior. For the knowledge portion of the key constructs it very easy to understand and see how it plays its role in the correlation with health behavior. Knowledge is the precondition for health behavior. If an individual learns, hears or just becomes aware of a health risk and decides to make a change this is an example of the knowledge base of the SCT. Although knowledge is a necessary, it is not sufficient basis for a behavioral change. Next is the perceived self-efficacy,

Construct and face validity are internal and content validity measurement assessments. Internal validity concern is whether the effects observed in the test are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not some other factor (McLeod, 2013). Content related assessment focus on is the content being measured appropriate (culturally, age, or ethnicity). Construct is not about the factual question it is the scientific approach of interpreting the test score. Construct validity is important for measuring abstract domains and less of an issue. Face validity is not a scientist approach. Face validity relies on input from the expert, tester, and grader to judge if the test met

Finally, the trait theory focuses on the analysis of mental, physical and the social characteristics to gain a better understanding of the same. Why Some

Trait theory is similar in nature to that of the great man approach in that traits of personality are considered to be inherent. Trait theory was explored in the early 20th century and was built on from the great man theory. Tead (1929) discussed trait theory as someone who held a specific group of traits that would evolve followers to complete a chosen task.

Although the four humors do not necessarily decide the personality, other theories give genetic and neurochemical reasons concerning the behavior of humans. The theory of traits is to understand personality by listing attitudes and certain types of behavior into "traits. " They are used to describe the way a person thinks, feels or acts in a certain way. Trait theory assumes that parts of a persons personality can be acknowledged by using existing terms such as words or short phrases. Gordon Allport and Henry Odbert conducted research into personality traits.

Trait Theories:- Trait theory shows similarities with Great man theories, In trait theories specifically it has been assumed that people are born with certain qualities and characteristics. These make them better leaders from choice. It also shows specific personality or behavioural traits shared by leaders.

Kim, M. (2009). Trait theory. In S. W. Littlejohn & K. A. Foss (Eds.), Encyclopedia of communication theory (Vol. 2, pp. 964-966). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi: 10.4135/9781412959384.n380

Although trait and skill theories have ideas that can be intertwined and can be compared

Social constructivism’s origins are largely attributed to Lev Vygotsky (1978). Vygotsky believed that social constructivism is the idea that learning occurs when people are socially active; in other words, learning is created through our interaction with others. In a constructivist style classroom, the focus shifts from the teacher teaching the students to the students teaching each other and having more control over what they learn by asking questions and coming up with their own conclusion on things (2016). This style of teaching can be very successful when the teacher provides enough scaffolding. In a typical classroom, you have a teacher standing in the front of the room lecturing to students while they sit and take notes on the information being given so they can spit it back up for a test they will have at the end of the unit. In the constructivist style classroom, the students are pushed to be more active and engaged in their learning process (Education Theory). The teacher creates an environment where students are urged to speak up and share what they think and have the class run more on a student run process. The teacher’s role in this style is not to sit and lecture information but rather engage students actively to find this information on their own and discover it so that it creates more meaning and provides a better understanding. The main goal in this type of learning environment is problem solving. This style of teaching promotes self-guidance and can even

     The social constructionist perspective holds the view that the self is continuing "shaped and reshaped through interactions with others and involvement in social and cultural activities" (Wetherell & Maybin, 1996, p 220). Social constructionist is concerned with explicating the processes by which people come to describe, explain, or otherwise account for the world (including themselves) in which they live (Gergen, 1971). Thus, the social constructionist approach implies that the self is shaped by social interaction within historical, cultural and social contexts. Social constructionist's apply an analysis of societal level which explain the self through social relations. Conversely, the