Stroke Rehabilitation

Most exercise is designed for neurorehabilitation, not cardiovascular health, so there is a very different definition for stroke patient exercise, as well as a very different goal set. Because strokes affect each person differently, treatment is also specific to the individual. The literature included in this review focuses on three different methods of exercise, each with very specific goals in mind. Cabanas-Valdés and collegues study was on Core and Trunk stability, Minyoung describes use of Virtual Reality enhanced exercise for treatment, and Tutak introduces the concepts behind Rehabilitation

The MOHO is a client-centered holistic conceptual model for practice while the OTPF emphasizes a client-centered approach in data collection identifying what is important and meaningful to the client. The MOHO uses an open system approach to assess: Input, Person, Occupational Performance, and the Environment. In contrast, the OTPF considers how Client factors (MOHO Volitional subsystem), performance skills, performance patterns (MOHO Habituation subsystem) and contexts and environment (part of MOHO) impact occupational performance. Both MOHO and OTPF emphasize client-centered analysis. The MOHO has specific assessment tools while the OTPF indicates the occupational profile should include information that is similar to MOHO, regarding client values, interests, daily routines, patterns of engagement and feelings related to occupational function (AOTA, 2014, p. S13). Additionally, MOHO indicates data is collected and discussed with the client to help the client gain an understanding of their subsystems and how these impacts occupational performance (Cole & Tufano, 2014). The OTPF indicates data is collected to create an occupational profile through analysis of occupational performance skills. While both, MOHO and OTPF support interventions that are specific, meaningful, and focused on occupational performance. Also, the OTPF expands interventions to include therapist skills related to clinical reasoning, therapeutic use of self and activity analysis (AOTA, 2014). Both reflect practice guidelines appropriate for use across age spans and varying levels of need. I feel MOHO works well within the OTPF based on the open system, use of Volition, Habituations, and Mind-brain-body subsystems. Additionally, MOHO’s consideration of both physical and social environments aligns with the

In practice, occupational therapists may use one or more frames of reference to help guide them as they plan out interventions and goals. Two examples of the frames of reference used are the cognitive behavioral frame of reference and the biomechanical/rehabilitative frame of reference. The cognitive behavioral frame of reference looks at how thoughts and behaviors affect the participation or performance of occupations (Cole & Tufano, 2008; Davis, Eshelman, & McKay, 2008; Giles, 2003). The biomechanical/rehabilitative frame of reference involves the establishment or restoration of functional skills; however, if full establishment or restoration is not possible, the modification of tasks or environments is also included (Cole & Tufano, 2008).

Occupational therapists work with clients to restore independence that has been lost or disrupted due to illness, injury, or disease. Occupational therapy practice involves assessing and determining an appropriate treatment approach based on the client’s disability and individual needs. There are various occupation-based models, each client-centered and grounded in theory, that guide the clinical treatment process. In addition, the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (3rd ed.; AOTA, 2014) denotes various frames of reference to guide therapists when choosing specific intervention strategies based on the client’s needs (Cole & Tufano, 2018). This paper focuses on the application of the Occupation Adaption model,

There are numerous approaches to stroke rehabilitation, some of which are still in the early stages of development. Behavioral performance in any area, such as sensory-motor and cognitive function, is most likely to improve when motor activity is willful, repetitive and task specific.

While there are many ways that a person can specialize in the field of occupational therapy, one of the profession’s draws exists in the potential for variety and diversity. The goal of occupational therapy is to provide therapies and alternatives that allow clients to return to the things that they need to be able to do, and the things they want to be able to do. This is obviously a broad definition, and one that can be achieved in various groups, and through various methods. Occupational therapists can specialize in hand therapy, stroke rehabilitation, driving, community mobility, low vision patients, pediatrics, or geriatrics. In any of these specialties, a therapist can address their patient’s daily living activities, leisure, work, education, or social participation. An increased ability to participate in any of these activities can be facilitated through a variety of treatments: splinting, modalities, adaptive equipment, task modification, environmental modification, or activities centered on desired occupations.

Source: Schell, B.A., Gillen G., and Scaffa M. (2014). Willard and Spackman's Occupational Therapy, 12th Edition, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

The development of the “ Brains Program was guided by evidence based research and collaboration with various hospitals. Due to the short time frame and multidisciplinary input required, an Occupational Therapy model of practice was not considered by the OT’s at South West Health Care. However, The Person-Occupation- Environment -Performance (PEOP) model is applicable when selecting patients to participate in the “Active Brains Group” (Baum & Christiansen., 2005). The PEOP model takes into account both intrinsic and extrinsic factors as well as a persons performance ability whilst completing the occupational task. (Hoffman, Bennett & Del Mar., 2010). This allows for a holistic view of the person and their functional abilities (Hoffman, Bennett

This perspective encompasses all aspects of an individual’s life, including activities of daily living (e.g., self-care) and instrumental activities of daily living (e.g., home management, rest and sleep habits, work demands, play, leisure, social participation). They can then help clients relearn how to do these activities (remediate) or determine new ways of accomplishing them (compensatory strategies). Through guided, graded instruction within the context of the client’s community, occupational therapy practitioners may work with individuals in real life settings such as the grocery store, bank, mall, bus/train, workplace, home, or any other environment in which they need to regain competence in occupational

From the perspective of Occupational Therapy, (Trace, and Howell, 1991) emphasize the preservation of autonomy, integrity, and personal safety, when completing daily activities .to better improve a patient’s impaired progression.. A Psychological approach described by (Williams, Tibbit, and Donahue, 2008) defines chronic confusion

(2013). The efficacy of SMART Arm training early after stroke for stroke survivors with severe upper limb disability: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2; 13:71.

The process of rehabilitation is taxing on the individual suffering from TBI and the patient’s family. Many types of adult rehabilitation are used. 1) Restorative training focuses on improving a specific cognitive function, 2) compensatory training focuses on adapting to the presence of a cognitive deficit, 3) single strategy focuses on a computer assisted cognitive training, 4) integrated or interdisciplinary approach. Other elements used

Strokes are a prevalent occurrence. Every year, nearly 800,000 people have a stroke (“The Internet Stroke Center,” n.d.). Its ramifications can be disastrous ranging from impairment, disability, to even death. Rehabilitation after suffering from a stroke is necessary to have a successful recovery. The current protocol for stroke rehabilitation begins during the initial hospital admittance. The therapy is then transferred to an inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation center. This decision is made considering the severity of the stroke and the patient’s accessibility to a clinic. Stroke rehabilitation taking place in the home, instead of an inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation center, would be an alternative for patients to consider. An important

The debilitating disease of multiple sclerosis impacts the daily lives and independence of the people it afflicts. The condition affects muscle function, cognitive abilities, and causes physical and mental fatigue (Yu & Mathiowetz, 2014). As the disease progresses, these symptoms worsen and loss of independence emerges. As a counteractive intervention to slow this loss of autonomy, occupational therapy is a helpful tool. In this literature review the question that is addressed is what are effective interventions occupational therapists use for people with multiple sclerosis.

Standardised WMT was implemented as a 14-day program targeting the movement quality of more-affected arm and independency in everyday activities. It consists of 1-hour formal training by an Accredited Exercise Physiologist (AEP) for 10 consecutive weekdays and increasing home practice starting on day 2 (See figure 1). WMT uses the Wii-Sports games (Nintendo, Japan) of golf, baseball, bowling, tennis and boxing as a rehabilitation tool in a structured protocol that can be individually tailored according to the level of motor-function and progress of each patient [2]. Game performance was recorded during formal sessions for motivation but the scores were not the focus of