Health Professionals make crucial decisions for prescriptions regarding pharmaceutical information. Drug company promotional material is used by medical professionals to expand the knowledge of certain prescriptions to their patients to secure a plan of action to treat their illness. The active ingredient in Lexapro is Escitalopram oxalate. Escitalopram oxalate is an antidepressant in a drug group called SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
The chemical name of Lexapro is Escitalopram. The IUPAC name is (1S)-1-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3H-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C20H21FN2O.2 Lexapro is used for treating major anxiety and depression in adolescents and adults. When diagnosed with depression, you lack the chemical serotonin. Serotonin is made in both the brain and intestines, linking
Figure 1: Structural formula of Lexapro. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Escitalopram_oxalate#section=Top with your control of your mood and other functions of your body. Lexapro works to boost the chemical activity of Serotonin in your brain to mentally battle depression. The balancing act is created when serotonin is released from one nerve cell and becomes available to the next. During this process, some of the serotonin released is reabsorbed by the first nerve cell. Lexapro will block the re-absorption of serotonin into the first cell, which will eventually lead to an increased amount of serotonin to become available.7
Xanax is a benzodiazepine that is most often used to treat anxiety. The effects of benzodiazepines mainly come from their ability to alter the movement of the inhibitory transmitter known as GABAa. GABA is triggered to release when it then can bind to the GABAa receptor. The binding of the two causes the ion channel to open and chloride ions are sent across the cell membrane. This causes the inhibitory factor by depolarizing the membrane (Griffin et al., 2013).
The pain spoke meanwhile sadness pierced through skins, however, the drugs was able to silence the beast within. Antidepressant the legal drug of choice is prescribed by doctors to treat a variety of medical conditions. These drugs are often prescribed by themselves or sometimes with others with the intent of having a greater effect on the beast within. Antidepressants come in several classes with each being stronger than the one before. Although antidepressants are often prescribed to treat depression in recent times the distribution of these drugs across the medical field have widened. Since the 1950s, medical personnels have moved from having two antidepressants: iproniazid and monoamine-oxidase inhibitor used to treat tuberculosis to now
Over the past few generations, a wealth of new psychotropic drugs has become available. According to bug drug companies and the psychiatrists that support them, these are a new weapon in the battleground fighting the wide variety of mental diseases that plague a large portion of society. Today, there a hundred of psychotropic drugs that are often used to treat conditions like depression, anxiety, and other types of common mental illnesses. Many within the psychiatric industry hail them as a god send.
Prescription Drugs – This list can be quite exhaustive, but mainly contains all the tablets prescribed by the GP with regards to depression, sleeping tablets e.g. Tamazepan, Diazepam, and Valium
When these chemicals are released from nerve cells they act to lighten mood. When they are reabsorbed into the nerve cells, they no longer have an effect on mood. Nortriptyline works by preventing this re-absorption of noradrenaline and serotonin back into the nerve cells. Therefore, it helps prolong the mood-lightening effect of any released noradrenaline and serotonin”.
Perry, P. J., Alexander, B., Liskow, B. I., & DeVane, C. L. (2007). Psychotropic drug handbook (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
It is also used to treat normal sleeping patterns and appetite, and for reducing anxiety. It works by modifying the activity of relevant neurotransmitter pathways.Some of the categories of antidepressants, defined in (Queensland state Government, 2018) are :
Risperdal is the second atypical antipsychotic medication that contains risperidone. (Ingersoll & Rak, 2016, p. 175). The molecular formula is made up of C23H27FN4O2 with a molecular weight of 410.49. The structural formula is:
Examples of TCAs include amitriptyline (Tryptizol), clomipramine (Anafranil), imipramine (Tofranil), lofepramine (Gamanil) and nortriptyline (Allegron).
According to the National Center for Health Statistics, antidepressants, are the most commonly prescribed medications in America where about one of ten Americans are prescribed to them. Dr. Joseph Glenmullen, a Harvard catalyst reports on the safety of these highly prescribed antidepressant drugs popularly known as: Paxil, Prozac, Luvoz, Zoloft, and Celexa; saying these drugs can be very dangerous when taken in
It selectively inhibit synaptic reuptake of serotonin in the presynaptic neuron, which increases the availability of serotonin in the central nervous system in the synaptic gap. SSRI’s are called ‘selective’, because they have relatively little effect on other neurotransmitters. The selectivity of SSRI’s gives them a therapeutic benefit over previous antidepressant medication. They are further the most prescribed category of antidepressants and appear to be effective in treating depressive complaints: about 50% to 55% of depressed people seem to respond positively to the drug. However, the difference with placebo is not that big, especially in people with less severe forms of
The Swedish Prescribed Drug Register was a major data source because it aided researchers to evaluate the impact that the drug may have with ECT. The pharmacological treatments such as: quetiapine, valproate, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, anxiolytics, hydroxyzine and central stimulants were reviewed during this experiment to keep track of any effects the drugs may cause. During this research these medications were chosen because of its significance in slowing down the progressive symptoms of bipolar depression.
Doctors also prescribe Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors(SSRI) to individuals suffering from depression, but the same ailment can be treated with amino acid supplements. Some examples of SSRIs are Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft and Celexa. SSRIs increase the amount of serotonin in the synapse by blocking its reabsorption, helping the symptoms of depression improve. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, benzodiazepines lose their therapeutic anti-anxiety effect after 4 to 6 months of regular use. Dr. White, clinical psychologist and a certified neurotherapist, compares antidepressants to a foreign chemical. She is completely against the use of SSRIs because it blocks the reuptake of the serotonin into the neuron. In simple words,
Prescription depressants: Common prescription medications in the depressant category include xanax and klonopin. A person may use either of these medications, along with a variety of others, in order to combat anxiety. When a person, who is prescribed these medications and only takes them as directed by their doctor, uses depressants they will feel calm and not on edge, this is due to the medicines working with chemicals in the brain and inducing a relaxed feeling. “Depressants work with the brain chemical GABA that slows down brain function” (JourneyPure).
The most common depression treatments are medication and psychotherapy. Medications most often begin with antidepressant medication. Antidepressants primarily work on brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine, although there are some antidepressants that work on the neurotransmitter dopamine. Some of the newest and most popular antidepressants are called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), escitalopram (Lexapro), paroxetine (Paxil) and citalopram (Celexa) are some of the most common