Succinate Dehydrogenase Lab Report

Succinate dehydrogenase is an enzyme found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. The enzyme catalyzes the reaction of oxidizing its substrate, succinate, into fumarate via the removal of hydrogen ions from succinate. This oxidation is vital in the Krebs cycle.

Mitochondria are small organelles found in eukaryotic cells which respire aerobically. They are responsible for generating energy from food to ‘power the cell’. They contain their own DNA, reproducing by dividing in 2. As they closely resemble bacteria, it gave the idea that they were derived from bacteria (which were engulfed by ancestors of the eukaryotes we know today). This idea has since been confirmed from further investigations, and it is now widely accepted. (Alberts et al., 2010a)

Mitochondria, dubbed the ‘powerhouse of the cell’, are a type of organelle present in most human cells. Their primary function is to generate Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s principal source of chemical energy. Unlike most other organelles, mitochondria store their own set of genetic material, distinct from the DNA situated in a cell’s nucleus. Although this ‘mitochondrial genome’ represents only 0.1% of a cell’s genetic information, it often plays a significant role in development.

The same type of experimental process was used in the other experiments of temperature, and enzyme, substrate, and ionic concentration. For example, for temperature, they replaced the distilled water in the cuvettes with water of different temperatures of 3, 15, 25,37,and 100 degrees Celsius. Then, after the colorimeter was calibrated, the absorbance and transmittance of the data was collected for 2 minutes in increments of 20

All living cells require energy in order to proceed with cellular processes such as active transportation, and the synthesis of molecules. ATP (Adenine Tri-Phosphate) is a molecule, which provides energy in a form that cells can use for such cellular processes. Cellular

The reason we performed this experiment was to determine the individual organelles of the flesh flies’ muscle cells that are used in the process of glycolysis and respiration. The flies were placed in the freezer where they would become inert, making it easier for us to perform the experiment. We dismembered the flies, leaving only the thoraxes, where the greatest concentration of mitochondria is located. Blending the thoraxes together then allowed us to centrifuge the homogenized substance, giving a result of the separated pellet and substrate.

Knowing that a certain substrate will turn yellow when it reacts with a certain enzyme, you can have samples of test tubes with different concentrations that substrate, as well as a test tube with the original concentration as a control group. By adding the same amount of enzymes to each of the test tubes, you can use the spectrophotometer in order to see the yellow color from test tubes due to the chemical reactions that occur. After observing each test tube, you can then determine if the test tubes containing the higher concentrations of substrate ended up with a more saturated yellow color than the original

The spectrophotometer as zeroed once 0.1ml of 16.2M ethanol was added. 0.1ml of the enzyme stock solution was added and the absorbance at 340nm was measured for two minutes. OD/min is then calculated from the graphs of the spectrophotometer. Concentration of the substrate was then calculated (Appendix 1) and Enzyme velocity was calculated (Appendix 1). The same procedure was repeated for 1.2ml of the buffer, 1.5ml of NAD+, 0.1 ml of ethanol and 0.2ml of enzyme solution was added and the velocity of the enzymes was then measured again.

Once a upon time, there was a lonely mitochondria named Sophia Mitochondria. Sophia Mitochondria had been alone for a while and she does not know where her parents are. She want to find her parents so she decided to talk someone to help her which is her childhood best friend, David Chloroplast. However, before she called him, she did her normal routine. She took nutrients from one of their cells, breaks it down and turn it into energy. This routine is also known as cellular respiration. After that, she call her David Chloroplast and thirty minutes later, David Chloroplast was in front of her house. David Chloroplast and Sophia Mitochondria came to Bacteria Garden which Sophia Mitochondria’s parents favorite place to go every weekend. When they

Project 1: Testing for the Activity of a Mitochondrial Enzyme Team Members: Trenton Montgomery, Nathan Lindsey, Natalie Rapp Section: Biology 1411:0A24 Author: Collin Poesch Date: 10/12/2017 Questions and Hypotheses Introduction: Cells contain a number of different organelles, specialized structures living within cells(Mcallister and Leicht 2017). When a cell tissue is grinded down and mixed into a soupy mixture, the organelles can be separated using a process called centrifugation. The soupy mixture is placed in a centrifuge which spins the mixture at high speeds. This results in the denser and heavier organelles ending up in the bottom the the tube which is called the pellet.

This results in increased energy expenditure, fuel mobilization and oxidation for energy extraction, oxygen consumption, respiratory rate, and heat production and release (Dauncey.,1990). The stimulation of the respiratory rate would intuitively lead to greater ROS production but, the relation between these two variables is not linear. Instead, ROS production depends largely on the mitochondria. Mitochondria are the primary intracellular site of oxygen consumption and the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), most of them originating from the mitochondrial respiratory chain(Armstong &Jones.,2002). Although THs do not directly determine the respiratory state of the mitochondria (Katyare and Raian.,2005), stimulation by THs by augmenting ATP breakdown by different energy-consuming mechanisms in the cell (Dauncey.,1990) and thus increasing ADP availability. This would be expected to decrease ROS production. However, THs also promote a reduction state in the cell by increasing fuel availability and extramitochondrial production of ATP and NADH, which in turn promote reduction of the components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain

Results The purpose of this study was to measure succinate dehydrogenase activity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle of cauliflower mitochondria by monitoring the reduction of an artificial electron acceptor. Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate. FAD, a coenzyme to succinate dehydrogenase, carries the hydrogens from succinate and delivers them to the electron transport chain. This enzyme complex is referred to as E-FAD.

Mitochondrion is an importance structure that lies in the cytoplasm area. Mitochondrion is the plural word for mitochondria, which is the key organelle that converts energy from one form to another. Mitochondria changes the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. The mitochondrion contains two special membranes. The outer membrane surrounds the organelle, and the inner membrane has many folds that increase the surface area of the mitochondrion.

We could go even depeer in the explanation of metabolism reaction but this is just an

In the metabolic reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions are very essential for ATP synthesis. The electrons removed in the oxidation are transferred to two major electron carrier enzymes. The electrons are transported through protein complexes in present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complexes contain attached chemical groups which are capable of accepting or donating one or more electrons. The protein complexes are known as the electron transfer system (ETS). The ETS allow distribution of the free energy between reduced coenzymes and the O2. The ETS is associated with proton (H+) pumping from the mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space of the mitochondria.