Summary: Endocannabinoid

McGrath, J., Welham, J., Scott, J., Varghese, D., Degenhardt, L., & Hayatbakhsh, M. et al. (2010). Association Between Cannabis Use and Psychosis-Related Outcomes Using Sibling Pair Analysis in a Cohort of Young Adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67 (5), 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.6

With the understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of cannabinoids, coupled with benefits that many have received from cannabis, the emergence of a paradoxical cannabinoid-related condition called Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is perplexing. CHS is a relatively newer condition appearing in emergency rooms across the country, with the first documented case in 2004 in Australia. Patients with CHS present to the emergency room with intractable vomiting, intense recurrent nausea and abdominal pains and a history of chronic cannabis use. The cycles of vomiting begin with intense nausea in the morning with intractable vomiting lasting for hours. The episodes occur every couple of weeks, or sometimes months, some lasting

These summary debates summarize and discuss are the calculation of cannabis use for many individuals with PTSD. According to the article, Does Cannabis Cause Exacerbated or Ameliorate Psychiatric Disorders, Neuropsychopharmacology (2016) 41, the authors of the article gives opposing viewpoints concerning the influence cannabis use has on those with post-traumatic stress disorder, the relationship with schizophrenia, and psychotic disorders.

The overall goal of my research is to better understand the roles that fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), specifically epidermal-FABP (FAPB5) and brain-FABP (FABP7), play within regulating the endocannabinoid system and to understand the role of FABP in addiction. The endocannabinoid system is linked with the rewarding effects of abused drugs. Central to the endocannabinoid system is the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), which is expressed ubiquitously throughout the brain. Within the brain reward circuit, activation of CB1Rs regulates the strength and plasticity of glutamate and GABA synapses. Specifically, dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in reward

Dr. Donald Abrams, who was originally denied the right to study medical marijuana by the DEA and NIDA in 1995, conducted a study to determine if using vaporization, a smokeless delivery system, could provide the equal results as smoked cannabis as well as reducing the risks associated with combustion byproducts produced by smoking. Abrams et al., (2007) utilized the Volcano device to determine the efficacy of a smokeless system. Cannabinoids were measured pre and post vaporization to determine if THC levels were comparable to levels received with smoked cannabis. It was found that using the smokeless system produced higher levels of THC concentrations in plasma at both 30 and 60 minute intervals as compared to smoked cannabis.

How dope subdue solicitude impartial during exercise (or elsewhere) modify far. Some users essay it lower their anxiety and may even gloominess resistance in the air passage, which would potently prosecute some act service. Other users recite increased feelings of solicitude and paranoia. legislation explain gage as all parts of the marijuana sativa artifice, which contains over 700 alchemical constitute. The first nimbleingredients are cannabinoids, embody THC, which is trustworthy for psychotropic effects and is the most deliberate. Peak rake concentrations of cannabinoids appear throughout 3-8 exact after you inhale, as antipathetical to 60-90 minutes after you victuala underbrush- or smear-include food, with nerve realization opening after 20 detailed and maximizing within a range of 2-4 hours. Cannabinoids tie cannabinoid receptors on neurons and external cells, receptors which are normally promised by natural endogenous substances (called endocannabinoids) that your strength already

CBD has positive effects on reducing and managing psychotic, anxiety, and depressive-like behaviors. The mechanisms appear to be related to the CBD's benefit to provide enhanced neuroprotection and inhibition of excessive neuroinflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases and conditions. Common features involving neuroprotective mechanisms influenced by CBD—oxidative stress, immune mediators, and neurotrophic factors—are also important in conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), postconcussion syndrome, depression, and anxiety. Many studies confirm that the function of the ECS is markedly increased in response to pathogenic events like trauma. This fact, supports the role of cannabinoids and their interactions with CB1

As of November of 2016, 26 out of 50 states in the U.S. have legalized cannabis for either medical or recreational use. Many of the remaining states have decriminalized the possession of small quantities and others are on the ballot to legalize the plant. Most would agree that the legalization of cannabis alone is one of the most controversial topics in the recent years. However, there is a newer, better and more sought after product in the market. Synthetic cannabinoid has multiple street names such as “K2 and “Spice”. The line of product is now in popular demand due to its similar effect, convenience and price compared to the raw cannabis bud. However, this synthetic cannabinoid has caused a high number of patients to visit the emergency room as well as reports to local poison control centers, and must be further examined to fully understand its short-term as well as long-term effects.

It was found that patients gained weight and a heightened sense of appetite. The change in mass and increase in appetite is due to marijuana or the oral alternative identified as Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which is inside dronabinol (Lutge, Gray, & Siegfried, 2013). THC had immense effects on the nausea, appetite, and other uncomfortable phases allowing many patients to be relieved of their discomfort. THC is inside the dronabinol which is man-made form of cannabis. Dronabinol can either be smoked or ingested by the subjects. This synthetic drug is commonly used in the place of a plant form of cannabis. Collectively dronabinol and THC causes the patients to be twice as likely to gain two kilograms or more in body weight (Lutge, Gray,

The main 2 cell receptors that make up the ECS are called CB1 and CB2. The cannabinoids interact with the receptors, similar to a lock and key model. The receptor is the lock and the cannabinoid is the key. When the cannabinoid attaches to the receptor a reaction is triggered resulting the specific desired effect.

“Early exposure to cannabinoids in adolescent rodent decreases the reactivity of the brain dopamine reward centers later in adulthood”. Marijuana doesn’t cause people to use other substances. Marijuana increases the vulnerability for drug abuse and addiction to other substances later in life. Other substances such as Alcohol and nicotine can also have the same affects on the brain to use harder substances. There are other factors that come into play for further drug use; rather than just biological factors, such as a person’s social environment.

Cannabis is one of several midly intoxicating hallucinogenic drugs that is prepared from various parts of the hemp plant and has the effects of oth stimulants and depressants on different parts of the nervous system. This drug, cannabis could be called many things such as: weed, pot, grass, dope, hash, herb, chronic, or reeper. The effects cannabis could have on a person or driver is the poor ability to concentrate which would be bad for a driver and could cause them not to notice things going on around them. The light headiness a driver could get while taking cannabis is a safety hazard to the driver and others around the driver. Cannabis could cause colors to a persons eyes or dilate their pupils which would make a driver lose focus of the

“Drugs help me feel good.” Most abused drugs produce intense feelings of pleasure. This initial sensation of euphoria is followed by other effects, which differ with the type of drug used. For example, with stimulants such as cocaine, the “high” is followed by feelings of power, self-confidence, and increased energy. In contrast, the euphoria caused by opiates such as heroin is followed by feelings of relaxation and satisfaction.

There was also interest in the mechanisms that are activated during EIH, specifically at the opioid and endocannabinoid mechanisms (Koltyn, Brellenthin, Cook, Sehgal, & Hillard, 2014). The conclusions of this study revealed that following short-duration isometric exercise, EIH did occur. This response was not altered with the administration of an opioid antagonist (Koltyn et al., 2014). However, there was an elevation in endocannabinoid levels following exercise. This indicated that there may be facilitation by a nonopioid mechanism, possibly by cannabinoid receptor activation in EHI following isometric exercise in short-duration (Koltyn et al., 2014). Further to this EIH effect was produced when aerobic exercises were performed at moderate to high intensities for longer periods (Vaegter et al. 2014). Whereas, with isometric exercise at both the low and high intensity levels revealed that EIH was produced (Vaegter et al. 2014). There was also evidence that the period of exercise appeared to be less important with isometric exercise. The isometric exercise, such as muscle contraction without joint movement were used (Vaegter et al.

There are some positives associated with the THC compound. The positives are far-reaching and long-term. This is due to the way Marijuana effects the Autonomic Nervous System. It expands the breathing and calms the body. It has a huge potential for medical and healing purposes worldwide. There were a lot of speculations about developing Lung Cancer if you were a Marijuana smoker. A study performed by Dr. Tashkin proved the people that believed this wrong. The study consisted of rats being injected with Cannabinoids. The Cannabinoids were injected into rats that had deadly tumors on them. When injected with the Cannabinoids, it was seen that the chemical had inhibited the growth of the tumor on the rats. The cannabinoids were showing to be able