In Natures Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West William Cronon, the author, attempts to enlighten readers on the growth of cities and the relationship they have with the land they are built on. In other words, Cronon’s thesis comes from the belief that there is an observable bond between cities, and the ecosystems under and around them, namely Chicago and the western frontier of 19th century America. We will see that Cronon argues that human construction and taming of Earth’s resources is natural and is in tuned with the surrounding nature, land, and animals. This is accomplished by studying through the frontiers history from the research of journals, articles, and other recorded history of that time. While the information Cronon presented …show more content…
Cronon explains that this early Chicago area was rich with natural resources like soil, rivers, and its own harbor. These natural resources were enough for both the Native tribes and Americans that lived there but western expansion would change that quickly. In the early 1800’s it would begin drawing interest from boosters across the nation who sawt to sell Chicago to the Nation as the next great city causing an influx of buyers looking to put a stake on their land. In this early look at the soon to be rapid advance Cronon begins to use sources and ideas to explain the reasoning behind the great migration for instance, S.H. Goodin’s advocating for the gravitational theory that theorizes people are drawn to cities like planets are drawn to the sun. Goodin wrote on the stages of a city’s growth saying, “People in these villages desire intercourse with one another so a road is made from village to villages…” he would go on emphasizing that rural villages cluster together creating larger towns and then would cluster to create …show more content…
The advancement of technology made being a farmer lucrative but complex. Our influence over nature increased as we began to use new tools and techniques to cultivate land, along with the use of animals and increased transportation, farming large amounts of crop became feasible with moving large amounts of produce just as quick. Eventually this would lead to the standardization of farming regulations thus eventually solidifying farming as a human construct that would be profit focused as opposed to earth focused from the regions early days. Cronans arguments through these sections are indeed backed by fact but as an economist does fixate on the economic influence and glorification but seems to gloss over the agricultural back lash that seems to have sprung during this
Technology greatly transformed American agriculture from just plain farming to commercial farming. The mechanization of farming made farming easier and more profitable. As shown in Document D technology was helping farmers, making farming more easier and they were able to do many jobs quicker. But, Farmers couldn’t afford to send crops to other places At the beginning of the 1840s the railroad began to transform American agriculture, by the 1860’s all states east of the Mississippi had rail service. As shown in Document B there were multiple railroads all around the country. The farmers were ecstatic about this new technology because they could send their crops to other areas, when before they didn’t have the money to be able to do so. Other new technologies were arriving such as the mechanical reaper and the steel plow.
The Boosters dream for Chicago was for the material progress of country and city alike. This group believed this would be achieved through primary nature – that of the natural geography of the Lakes district and development of canals and a harbour. The author’s thesis discusses the prominence of second nature, in particular the development of railroads, as the catalyst to commerce and material progress of Chicago.
The Jungle is The Jungle is structurally simple and straightforward, except for the aperture chapter of the novel, which accommodates as a flash-forward to later events. The wedding scene, which opens the novel, introduces the main characters and places them in the geographic location where most of the action will take place: Chicago's Packingtown. Chapter two takes the reader back to Lithuania some two years prior, where the story felicitous commences. The story then "catches up" to the first chapter, and in the chronology of events, the wedding detailed in the first chapter takes place in chapter seven of the
It is important to think critically about the context in which globalization begins and thrives, especially in the minds of international scholars. The growth of Madison is a perfect example of strategic creation through the use of undeveloped land in regards to local geography, society, and interdependencies. Created from the ground up by three ambitious businessmen in the 1830s, Madison started out as an iffy candidate for the busy urban center it is today. Based on the swamplands of southern Wisconsin, Madison was called “Four Lake Country” and one of only two US cities to be created on an isthmus (the other being Seattle, Washington). Throughout this essay the vital characteristics that have contributed to the success of Madison as an urban
Chicago, located close to a portage of Great Lakes, has a whopping population of 2.7 million, yet it was only just considered a city in 1837. How? Why? There are two variables that can be held accountable for such a population influx. In the 1800-1900 time frame, the United State’s experienced an incredible growth in population, technology, and transportation. In 1850, Chicago was a major conjunction on the transcontinental railway. A century later, the city was a desired destination during the Great Migration. Contrast to previous eras, “The Windy City’s” population started declining. Due to transportation improvements, as well as immigration into and within the United States, Chicago’s population has grown tremendously.
“Chicago” is a Musical with music by John Kander, Lyrics by Fred Ebb, and a book by Ebb and Bob Fosse. This Broadway production holds the longest running American musical in history of Broadway. Bob Fosse choreographed the protection with his style of jazz hand, side ways shoulder rolls, and bowler hats. Fosse won Tony Awards and Emmy awards for staging, direction, and choreography. The Broadway production opened in 1975 and reopened in 1993, due to its high popularity. The first production, Chicago: A Musical Vaudeville opened June 3, at the 46th Street theatre between Broadway and 8th Avenue, in New York City. The play was set in the prohibition era in Chicago in the 1920s, and the musical was based on a reporter named Maurine Dallas Watkins
Chicago in the 1920s was a turning point for the development of ethnic neighborhoods. After the opening of the first rail connection from New York to Chicago in the 1840s, immigration sky rocketed from that point on. Majority of the immigrants to Chicago were Europeans. The Irish, Italians, eastern European Jews, Germans, and Mexicans were among the most common ethnicities to reside in Chicago. These groups made up the greater part of Chicago. The sudden increase in immigration to Chicago in the 1920s soon led to an even further distinguished separation of ethnicities in neighborhoods. The overall development of these neighborhoods deeply impacted how Chicago is sectioned off nowadays. Without these ethnicities immigrating to Chicago
City and country are so remotely different but vastly intertwined. Nature’s Metropolis, written by William Cronon, takes a deep look at the role of Chicago and its progression during the 19th century. Cronon is a geography and history professor at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. He thoroughly enjoys studying the workings of humans and the natural world and is involved in organizations related to that. As is evident today, Chicago has benefited both positively and negatively, from the railroad and water transportation which in turn helped various industries survive. With these aspects of the city came improvements in technology, soaring economies in the various industries, and Chicago becoming more connected to the global world. That being said, Cronon not only focuses of Chicago’s growth but also on the growth of America and the creation of markets and developments that occurred because Chicago encompasses only a small part of our ever-expanding world. Overall, Cronon focused on Chicago’s changing role in regard to transportation systems and the possessions closely related to it.
Chicago's early boosters bragged that nature had given their city everything it needed to be great. It had a river running through it and a harbor on busy Lake Michigan. What the boosters did not say was that the river was short and shallow. One visitor noted it was open double quote“a sluggish, slimy stream, too lazy to cleanse itself.close double quote” Or that sand often blocked the entrance to the harbor. To make Chicago work, humans would have to intrude upon nature to change the river and clear the harbor. They would have to create out of open double quote“first natureclose double quote” a open double quote“second nature,close double quote” as environmental historian William Cronon put it.
In the article,”The New City: Urban America in the Industrial Age, 1860-1920 (1985),” written by Raymond A. Mohl, the author illustrates,”On the way, one might pass all sorts of new arrivals to the city. See that young man talking about how things are different on the farm where he's from? He is just part of the large country-to-city migration that's taken place within my lifetime”(Mohl). Mohl illustrates in this quote that because of people moving to the city from the countryside have never seen these new inventions before. They experienced many wonders that they could only dream of, which in turn brought more people out not only for jobs but for chances to see these wonders in
In the article The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race Jared Diamond argues that switching to agriculture was a mistake, and that hunting and gathering came with less consequences. Hunting and gathering may be better to not spread as much disease and not as such of a risk of malnutrition, but the population now is too big to switch back. To keep a constantly growing population agriculture should not change.
Student Yahtzeni Gonzales presented her own poem “ Dear Chicago”. It was very sad, powerful, and personal act. About Chicago’s gun violence. She accused the Chicago of being the city of violence, that took her brother’s life. On the end she asked three of the students to hold lighted candles in honor of the victims of gun violence, and in memory of her brother. She shared her experience to deeply move the audience.
Jared Diamond’s article, “The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race”, is a well written and thoughtful piece of text that properly defines the negative effects that agriculture is associated with. I definitely agree with him that agriculture was not a beneficial change as most people would believe. Reading his article has shed a new light on the subject, and now I understand his perspective on this important subject, and I could not agree with him more. Agriculture was a major revolution in the history of the world, but it degraded the environment drastically, boosted the population of the world, helped the rapid spreading of diseases, contributed to social hierarchy, and increased pollution levels. The Agricultural Revolution brought
Home of Michael Jordan, the Blackhawks, and “Da Bears”. Chicago, the Windy City, Chitown, and the Smelly Onion, or notoriously Chiraq. These are just a few names that the city has earned. Built right beside the lake stands great skyscrapers that make you look up and think, “well that is one serious tower.” The city of Chicago is also known for its unique suspended train system called the ‘L,’ which residents take to commute to and from all corners of the city. It is the city of arts, for example, the Bean and Crown Fountain in Millennium Park, The Agora in Grant Park, the Chicago Picasso in front of Daley Plaza. Also is it known for its many museums. It is the city of Second City Comedy. This is also the city of history; with a great fire,
For thousands of years, hunter and gatherers roamed the earth with no real “home”. They searched for food without ever needing to grow anything. Population began to grow. Hunters and gatherers were then overpowered by farmers, which shifted the world into an agricultural state. While hunters and gatherers seemed to be better off than the farmers who lived after them, agriculture changed the way the world works today.