Dr. Ruby D. Mitchell of Bassett has published a book, Virgin of the Sun, an historical novel of the Inca Indians. Dr. Mitchell, retired Spanish professor at Patrick Henry Community College, traveled to Peru twice while researching material for the book. She met scholars eminent in Incan culture, including Maria Reiche, the authority on the meaning of the Nazca Lines. The story follows the intrigue caused by the deathbed decision of Huayna Capac. The web flows from Quito in the north to Cuzco in the south. Mrs. Mitchell also has published a textbook, “Spanish Grammar: A Supplement.” A native of North Carolina, she moved to Martinsvialle after graduating from high school in Salisbury, N.C. Following two years at Averett College in Danville,
Carrasco, David and Scot Sessions. Daily Life of the Aztecs: People of the Sun and Earth. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1998.
lands and sometimes on building projects or in mining.” (World of the Inca). Thus the Inca expected
By analyzing document 12.1, “The Aztecs and the Incas through Spanish Eyes,” it allows people today to have a better understanding and at
The Great Incan Rebellion is a documentary written and produced by Graham Townsley in June of 2007. This film displaces an argument against the traditional historical narrative of the “great” Spanish conquest of the Incan Empire in Peru. The traditional historical narrative consists of the Spanish conquistadors going to Peru and absolutely annihilating this huge army of Incans. This theory was put to the test in this documentary. The film starts out with the discovery of an Incan cemetery, where the bottom layer of bodies were buried in the tradition Incan manner, while the top layer of bodies were not. The bottom layer had the bodies in a crouched
Killing the Rising Sun by Bill O’Reilly and Martin Dugard is a descriptive, well written book wrapping up the end of World War II. Reading this book makes you feel like you are living in the midst of the vividly depictive and picturesque scenes that O’Reilly and Dugard bring the reader back to imagine in this book. I really enjoyed this book and I think it really helped me to capture what happened during World War II and the hardships and trials that the United States went through to defeat Japan in one of the most decisive naval battles of World War II. I hope that in this essay I can achieve half of what the authors achieved in writing this book.
When one pictures the societies that spanned throughout our Mesoamerica and South America the images of warriors, conquests, gold and great feats of architecture, spawn in the mind. Missing from not only there, but the focus of many studies are the crucial roles that women played in these societies. Between each society; the Mayan, Aztec and Inca, each has their own unique culture and role for women within it. One wonders the roles of women in society, where does she fit in; politics, religious practices, and within the home. These roles are dictated by the characteristics of the society in which they live. It is crucial to begin uncovering for each of these societies, the roles of which the women took on, through exploring three subject matters, the role of women concerning government and law, politics, the role of women in day-to-day life and lastly, religious roles of women.
The most significant physical geographical factor that contributed to the development of the Ancient South American society of the Incas was the Andes Mountains. The Andes are the longest mountain range and one of the highest with its tallest peak, Mount Aconcagua in Argentina, topping out at 22,841 feet (Zimmermann, 2013). The Inca Empire had settlements that ranged from sea level, to its center of government in Cusco at an altitude of 11,200. Despite these difficulties, the Inca people thrived, and managed to create trails, water-ways and agricultural practices that remain in use to this day.
The fact that the textbook decided to expound on the details of Pizarro and Peru that were happening around the same period of time rather than the accounts of Cabeza de Vaca proves the necessity of primary sources and the advantage they have in further understanding the past. During the 1930s, Cabeza documented his journey across the American Southwest. In his documentation, he describes the environments and lifestyles of the many Natives he came across to. These Natives aided Cabeza and his companions in throughout their expedition with food in exchange for their skills in treating the sick. For the most part, it is understood that he and his friends were treated really well by the Indians stating that the women of one of the tribes “…brought many mats, with which they built us houses, one for each of us and those attached to him.” It was interesting to know how the explorer’s group would continue to grow as the journey continued. Cabeza and his companions met up with people who would “tender all they possessed” and immediately follow them after being “depraved of their belongings.” As the traveling became gruesome with lack of food and rugged mountains, only the strong continued to guide. It was at this point when Cabeza had reached a landmark in his expedition; his fellow traveler Castillo “had found permanent houses, inhabited, the people of which ate beans and squashes, and that he had also seen maize.” After settling on a stable land with permanent homes and crops, Cabeza shifted his focus in searching for Christians which successfully did so. This entire story highlights the unique elements behind the the many explorations to the New World. Cabeza’s expedition contributed to the Spanish Conquest and encouraged other Spanish explorers to embark on a search for
The ancient civilization of Nazca is long disappeared and has granted one of the most significant legacies of ancient Peruvian culture. The Nazca has not only etched their mark into the surface of the Nazca Desert but they left a mark that continues to intrigue scientists and modern society in the present day. Actually, the Nazca left behind thousands of marks in the forms of various shapes, designs, mythological creatures, and a variety of intricate geometric lines. It is evident that the popularity of the Nazca Lines continues to gain momentum as the previous lines are studied and awed over as well as the new geoglyphs are still being discovered at this present time.
How the conquest of the Spaniards led to an impact on one of the world’s largest empires.
The book Cooper Sun by Sharon Draper is a historical fiction story about slavery in Colonial America. This story takes place in Africa and in the Americas. Amari is a slave girl who originally lived in Africa. Polly is an endentured servant that is working to pay off her parents’ debt as well as her own. In this novel, the settings of Africa and slave plantations have many similarities and differences.
The capture and killing of our great leader, Atahualpa shook our Incan Empire forever, with the effects residing in your daily life, my son. I remember it vividly as I was part of the third squadron, the people who came prepared in armor made of metal plates, covered with sheets of gold and silver, which glistened in the spring sun. Within our squadron, Atahualpa was present, sitting on a petite stool on top of a majestic litter, which was lined with bird feathers that represented a rainbow and ornate with sheets of gold and silver. It was our job to protect him, to make sure that the peculiar foreign white men did not cause harm. By nightfall, it was clear that we had failed in our duties. Atahualpa was captive in the hands of the Spanish.
Even from our own cultural perspective of the last half of the 20th Century, we have cast a different light on some artifacts of our progress such as the long-term effect of the imposition of the United Fruit Company in the region described in the book or the encounter between Francisco Pizarro and the Inca emperor Athualpa in the Andean highlands.
The history of Peru is riddled with legends, conquistadors, and a revolution. The fabled beginnings of the Inca empire, which preceded Peru in their lands, state that Manco Capac, a son of the sun god, was sent down and made home in the Vilcanota Valley (“Peru History”). This became their capital, Cuzco. The Incas documented their history through the reigns of the kings. However, it was not until the eighth king, Pachacuti, rise to power
The Nazca lines are an interesting landmark that we have the pleasure of looking at. The lines are found a couple hundred miles south of Lima, Peru inbetween the Inginio and Nazca valleys. They were discovered in 1927 by Toribio Mejia Xesspe, but were not widely known until the 1930s. No one knows the real reason why the lines were created, but there are many interesting theories concerning them. The Nazca Lines are a fascinating world site because of their discovery and the mystery behind their creation and purpose.