Surgeons Discover New Ligament Of Human Knee

2.After reading the Nagel, Blignaut, and Cronje article, write a 250-500 word summary of it.

Third, FoxNews.com did accurately report that the ligament was named by the researchers: anterolateral ligament (ALL). This is very important because the whole purpose of the research was to standardize the definition of the ALL which would provide clarity and minimize confusion among clinicians and researchers.

This short and round ligament, like all other ligaments, prevents slippage within the joint and allows the joint to properly pivot when performing an action (Duff 300). Without this particular ligament, the knees would be fragile and more susceptible to injury. Therefore, it would be impossible to do the simplest movements that are done by humans everyday, like walking and even sitting. This is one reason why many athletes should be aware of the physical indications that arise if they have torn their ACL while participating in athletic activities.

The other two small bones that run together with the tibia are called the fibula and patella known as the long thin bone and kneecap. All these four bones are part of the lower limbs and they give the knee its stability, strength, and its flexibility. The main function of ligaments is to attach bones to bones and give the knee its stability and strength. Ligaments are very strong which means they are not very flexibly there are five main ligaments found in the knee the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial Collateral Ligament, lateral Collateral Ligament, and the patellar ligament. The anterior cruciate ligament which is most commonly known as the ACL is found inside the knee and in front of the PCL posterior cruciate ligament. The ACL attaches to the shin bone (tibia) and the thigh bone (femur) at the center of the knee its function is to limit rotation and forward motion of the shin bone (tibia). The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the strongest ligament out of the rest of the ligaments found in the knee it attaches the shine and the femur just like the ACL; it is also found deep inside the knee behind the

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament, also known as the ACL, plays an important role in the stabilization of the knee. The ACL connects the femur to the tibia. The ACL passes, in a diagonal, from the outer area of the femur to the inner area of the tibia. The main function of the ACL is to restrain forward movement and the inner rotation of the bottom half of the leg, as well as prevent hyperextension of the knee (Schwager, 2009).

3. The paper is to be four- to six-pages excluding the Title page and Reference page.

The bones in the upper and lower leg of Human body are connected by complex pivotal hinge joint called knee. The upper and lower extremities are encompassed of tendons, cartilage, ligaments and muscle. Menisci, two concave pads of cartilage, disperse the friction created at the meeting of the ends of the tibia and femur. The key ligaments of the knee are Medial Collateral ligament (MCL), Lateral Collateral ligament (LCL), Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), Anterolateral ligament (ALL), and Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL).

8. In order to test whether arthroscopic surgery improved the conditions of patients’ knees a study was done in which half the patients were told the procedure was being done but it was not. Little cuts were made in the knees, the doctors talked as if it were being done, sounds were produced as if the operation were being done. The patients were under light anesthesia. It turned out that the same percentage of patients reported pain relief and increased mobility in the real and sham operations. The patients were informed in advance that they either would receive a real or a sham

The ACL is the primary ligament which is considered as the stabilizer. The ACL is just one of four major ligaments of the joints within the knees (Kim, 2009). The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) make up the other three ligaments that supports the knee joints. Signs and symptoms of a torn a torn ACL include swelling of the knee, pain that is intensified when the weight of the body is placed on it. The inability to bend the knee is another sign of a torn ACL due to the bleeding inside the joint (MedicineNet, n.d.).

The first study reviewed was a randomized control trial of treatment for ACL tears by, Frobell, Roos, Roos, Ranstam, & Lohmander (2010)

Anterior cruciate ligament ruptures occur 100,000 to 200,000 annually in the United States. It is a key knee stabilizer and is a recognized injury in both professional and recreational activities. It can tear from a hard hit to the side, overextending the knee or quickly stopping while changing direction while running, landing from a jump or turning. Attempts of ACL reconstruction using silver, stainless wires, nylon, silk strings, and various synthetic fibers were first used in the beginning of the 20th century to make artificial grafts; the first experiment failed within the first 3 months. Modern ACL reconstruction surgeries use allografts, autografts, synthetic grafts or a combination to repair or replace ruptured ACLs. Autografts

Give an overview/summary of the article. (make sure to include special education and assessment information)

Our participants will be both males and females ages 18-50. They must have had a hamstring or patella tendon graft used in their reconstruction. They must also be willing to participate in the treatment protocol 3 times a week for 6 months time. The participants must have no prior knee injuries, no pain in the contralateral knee and no co-morbidities such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, osteoarthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis. We will not include any vulnerable populations such as prisoners, pregnant women or cognitively compromised individuals in the study.

Describe where the information in the article came from. That is, what research method(s) were used (e.g., interviews, statistics, surveys, ethnography, etc.), from what you can determine.

Since ours is the age of advancement of science & technology, tremendous development have taken place in medical field. A new addition to this is artificial organs of human body. This is a new hope to the persons who have the wish to lead a life not only for themselves but also for their family & country. The artificial ligament is one of the recent addition to advanced medical. And this body part is an evolution in medical textile. Mostly, the sportsperson have to stop their glorious career when they receive injury in a vital part of their body, in knee portion.