Sustainable development and international business law
1) Executive summary
This scenario involves four countries and four separate business transactions. Further, it involves several main legal issues which will be dealt with in the discussion. * The first issue is which law will govern the transactions between the parties – domestic or international law, and the implications of both. * The scenario raises the issue of the selection of incoterms which will best accommodate the interest of both parties in the first and second transaction between WCO and China and WCO and Philippines respectively. * The second issue raised is the difference in currency the parties would like to use again in the first and second
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Prime examples of issues which arise thereof are distance, difference in the legal systems and currencies which have different value to them.
Even though UK is not a signatory to CISG, in order for the transaction to exist, an agreement has to be made between the parties that where CISG does not cover certain issues, SGA 1978 will apply to fill in the gap automatically. In this case the dispute arises in Chine, Filipines, Japan or Thailand, the domestic law of the country in which the issue arises will be applicable to resolve it.
International contracts can either be regulated by choice of one legal jurisdiction or through a uniform international Convention – United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (UNCISG). The latter is a uniform code comprising all different laws which applies to all international business transactions, subject to the agreement of the parties to the contract. The rationale behind CISG is that it is a compromise between civil law and common law for the sake of a smooth international transaction, where benefits such as creation of capital, employment, money flaw, better standard of living are a priority underpin the creation of a more sustainable world harmonising law systems in order to reach a single understanding of legal situations.
The use of CISG in an international business transaction like in the present scenario is beneficial mainly because of the stability and predictability it
5. What complexities do cross-border deals introduce? What are the specific risks of this deal?
Taking this into consideration, dealing with external activities of a state, international law has extensive latitude. In Article 38 (1) of the Statue of the International Court of Justice, the following sources of international law are acknowledged: (a) international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting States; (b) international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law; (c) the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations; (d) ... judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law (36). Sources having a technical meaning related to the law making process and must not be confused with information sources, research sources or bibliographies on international law (35). Rules expressed and recognized by consenting states are referred to as treaties and/or conventions. Treaties are codified agreements established by consenting states as means of resolving a dispute or to recognize mutual interests. Since treaties are codified, they are favored over customary law; therefore, becoming a vital part of building a more stable foundation for international law. States are required to meet their international obligations as well as formulate efforts to
The legal system is another issue to be considered when doing business in China because it is still viewed as being in a developing stage. Contracts, for example, are highly influenced by this difference. In the Chinese culture, contracts describe how relationships will be developed whereas in the United States, the contract is a binding agreement that spells out the specific terms, conditions and expectations from each party involved. As Company X pursues the possibility of expanding business to China, it must understand that the Chinese business culture does not place as much emphasis on the binding force of a written contract.
Business is continually growing on a global level leading to international business partnerships, agreements, and trades. During these types of business relationships disputes are common (University of Phoenix, n.d.). If a dispute occurs one party may chooses to take legal action against the other party. Making the decision to take legal action businesses must make considerations prior to proceeding. Making the right decisions can build a strong relationship between parties. Considerations to take include contracts, local law, and local customs and culture. Steps may be taken to minimize risks in international business agreements as well.
This article relates to our class because it shows how the actions of one organization or country affects many other in international business.
An agreement between two or more competent parties for goods or services is typically referred to as a contract; and those contracts typically are governed by contract law. There are two general sets of law that govern contracts; the common law of contracts and the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). These two sets of law have similarities and differences; however the provisions of the UCC usually take precedence over the common law of contracts. (Cheeseman, pg. 171). The common law of contracts was developed from state court decisions and precedent established by those court decisions as applied to other cases. (Cheeseman pg. 170) Although the majority of the law comes from state court decisions, there is a small portion that is based on
1. What impact does the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms have on rights and freedoms not mentioned specifically in the Charter? Could these "other rights and freedoms" be curtailed or extinguished by governments? Answer: The Charter recognizes the existence of other rights and permits them to continue except where they conflict with Charter rights and freedoms. Rights outside the Charter do not have Charter protection, and may be abolished or encroached upon by governments. 2. What is the difference between a "right" and a "privilege"? Answer: A right is an act that may be done with impunity and with the support and recognition of the state. The state recognizes a right as something which neither it nor others may
International trade is important and beneficial to business. However, international trade guides a safeguard of interests, specific business contract, defined law, forum of dispute settlement, and understanding of contract clauses. “A working knowledge of international law helps business owners and managers with global interests reduce risk and increase profits” (Melvin, 2011, P. 631). This enlightenment will address the international legal and ethical issues involved in international business transactions and compare such to domestic business operations.
Governments might change or new political parties might be elected, but the concern of the multinational corporation is the continuity of the set of rules or codes of behavior and the continuation of the rule of law—regardless of which government is in power.
And it is, because this agreement refers just to providing of services and not illegal things.
difficulty balancing their identity within themselves due to the influence of both of their cultures.
Because the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) generally regulates commerce or trade on a national basis, one may not realize that it also has an impact on international commerce. However, this assumption would ignore the critical role that American laws and policies play in the arena of international trade. These roles are both formal and informal. In other words, American law has direct and indirect effects on international commerce. In order to understand the impact of the UCC on international commerce, it is critical to understand how American law interacts with international law.
The Brundtland report defined sustainable development as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” From early times, philosophers, such as Thomas Malthus, believed humanity could not be sustained. Malthus believed mankind would reach their carrying capacity, specifically with regards to food. Yet, this notion changed in subsequent years, thanks in part to the green revolution. This revolution helped increase crop yields due to new fertilizers, pesticides, etc. While there became more food available, sustainability, with regards to producing food in an environmentally friendly way, ran into some difficulties. While the Brundtland commission defined sustainability, there are three components that must be integrated for the well-being of all—social, environmental, and economic. Each component of sustainability must be looked at critically when considering the sustainable use of any resource. While many simply worried about having enough food available in the world, one must think of food sustainability with regards to environmental, economic, and social implications. As follows, the importance of food sustainability will be discussed, along with the attempts to measure food sustainability.
Six months ago, Antiques R Us (a Canadian corporation) entered into a contract with Yankee Antiques (an American company) to purchase “a desk used by George Washington himself after his retirement from the Presidency”. The sum of $500,000 was to be paid to Yankee Antiques after 30 days of
The purpose of this assignment is to discuss the creation and application the case law resulting from the decision in Donoghue v Stevenson . This decision is often cited in relation to the tort of negligence and a duty of care. As such it could be misunderstood as being the preeminent case for the principles of negligence or duty of care alone. It is however the landmark precedent case for the tort of negligence outside of a contract when taking into account ‘duty of care’ and the ‘neighbour priciple’.