Symptoms And Symptoms Of Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lungs, it can be caused by a variety of organisms entering the body – including bacteria, viruses or fungi. The infection causes an inflammation of the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs and may result in the alveoli filling with fluid or other purulent material (Mayo Clinic, 2016). An accumulation of fluid within alveoli and portions of the lungs, can reduce the ability of the lungs to allow for oxygen diffusion across the alveoli walls. If oxygen saturation is low, it can cause the body’s cells to not work effectively. Therefore, the risk of the infection spreading through the body is increased – it is due to this reason, that pneumonia can be life-threatening (American Lung Foundation, 2016). Pneumonia

* Pneumonia is refers to an infection in the lungs that causes swelling in the lungs tissue and this inflammation

Pulmonary embolism arises as a thrombus formation or blood-borne substance from vascular wall damage, venous stasis, or blood hypercoagulability and obstruct blood flow. Due to trauma, clot dissociation, sudden muscle spasm, intravascular pressure changes, or peripheral blood flow changes can cause the thrombus to loosen and relocate throughout the body (Porth 2004). The thrombus breaks off and travels through the blood stream, this is now called an embolus. Pulmonary embolism is when the the embolus drifts into the right side of the heart and enters the lung through the pulmonary artery (Wolters Kluwer, 2017).

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. Many different organisms can cause it, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Pneumonia can range from mild to severe, and can even be deadly. The severity depends on the type of organism causing pneumonia, as well as your age and underlying health.

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a clot breaks off somewhere in the body and travels to the lungs causing a blockage (2016). If a pulmonary embolism is caught early enough, it can be treated with medications known as “clot busters.” If the pulmonary embolism is not found early enough, it can lead to a severe complication of damaging the lungs or even death (2016). People who have blood clots or who have blood clots in the past are always at future risk for developing a pulmonary embolism.

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung which results into an excess of fluid or pus accumulating into the alveoli of the lung. Pneumonia impairs gas exchange which leads to hypoxemia and is acquire by inhaling a contagious organism or an irritating agent. (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Fungal, bacteria and viruses are the most common organisms that can be inhale. Pneumonia could be community-acquired or health care associated. Community –acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurs out of a healthcare facility while health care associated pneumonia (HAP) is acquired in a healthcare facility. HAP are more resistant to antibiotic and patients on ventilators and those receiving kidney dialysis have a higher risk factor. Infants, children and the elderly also have a higher risk of acquiring pneumonia due to their immune system inability to fight the virus. Pneumonia can also be classified as aspiration pneumonia if it arises by inhaling saliva, vomit, food or drink into the lungs. Patients with abnormal gag reflex, dysphagia, brain injury, and are abusing drug or alcohol have a higher risk of aspiration pneumonia (Mayo Clinic, 2013). In the case of patient E.O., this patient had rhonchi in the lower lobe and the upper lobe sound was coarse and diminished. Signs and symptoms of pneumonia include difficulty breathing, chest pain, wheezing, fever, headache, chills, cough, confusion, pain in muscle or

Pulmonary embolism is described to be the "sudden blockage of a major blood vessel artery in the lung" (WebMD, 2014) which can usually be caused by a blood clot. The most common factor of pulmonary embolism is blood clots breaking loose from the leg and traveling to the lungs. Unfortunately, having pulmonary embolism can be fatal due to a large clot stopping blood flow going into the lung.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage in a lung artery due to a clot.1 These clots are a result of a condition called deep venous thrombosis (DVT), the clots travel from veins usually in lower extremities through the bloodstream to the lungs, and block an artery.1 If not treated, this condition may lead to death depending on the size of the clot; therefore rapid treatment must be administered.1 The aim of this article is to analyze multiple peer reviewed research studies about the effects of thrombolytic therapy on the mortality and treatment escalation during the management of patients with an acute PE. The assumptive benefit of using thrombolytic therapy is that it can potentially break up clots instead of only preventing them from getting larger and dissolving clots will lead to an improved hemodynamic status in a short time period.2 However the effects of thrombolytic therapy are relatively unclear compared to the standard anticoagulation therapy which is prescribed more often.2

An Integrated Literature Review on the effects of thromboembolism prophylaxis in reducing the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms in hospitalized adult patients

Pneumonia is an illness of the lower respiratory tract in which the lungs become inflamed and congested and alveolar spaces are filled with fluid and cells-polymorphs and lymphocytes (Mandell L.A). It is an inflammatory condition of the lung and it is one of the most serious infections, causing two million deaths annually among the young and elderly. Pneumonia is the largest killer, accounting for 28% to 34% of all child deaths below five years of age in low-income countries and is an important cause of mortality in the elderly in high-income countries (Suárez).

Pulmonary embolism is defined as an obstruction of any pulmonary vessel This obstruction can form as a result of a clot or emboli. Essentially, the clot originates from a small distant vessel that rapidly migrates to the pulmonary system. Which in turn result in serious complications and/or symptoms that lead to mortality. Both men and women are equally affected by similar causative factors as well present with similar manifestations. Numerous causes and risk factors have been identified, with such evidence health care professionals and researchers alike have narrowed the gap to establishing accurate diagnostic practices. Clinical manifestations that are present, such as a simple cough to a severe symptom such as hypotension are problematic

A sign is a signal that can be seen by someone else – maybe a loved one, or a doctor, nurse, or other health care professional. For example, fever, fast breathing, and abnormal lung sounds heard through a stethoscope may be signs of pneumonia.

The clinical manifestations of pneumonia will be different according to the causative organism and the patient’s underlying conditions and/or comorbidities (Smeltzer, et al). Some of the manifestations are

Pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the lungs most commonly caused by a bacteria or virus. Pneumonia can also be caused by inhaling vomit or other foreign substances. In all cases, the lungs' air sacs fill with pus , mucous, and other liquids and cannot function properly. This means oxygen cannot reach the blood and the cells of the body.

The patient's overall symptoms and lab work suggest that she is suffering from hospital acquired pneumonia. Currently the patient is presenting a moist chesty cough. Additionally, her heart rate is elevated, her oxygenation is low, and her RR is high. She has a raised white blood cell count, which indicates infection. Finally, the patient is acting confused and disoriented, which can be the direct result of a lack of oxygenation to the brain. All of these symptoms point to pneumonia (Torres, 1999).